Georgia Military College Does Art Imitate Life or Life Imitate Art Case Study Case Study 5, Although the case study suggests you can research memes or arti

Georgia Military College Does Art Imitate Life or Life Imitate Art Case Study Case Study 5, Although the case study suggests you can research memes or articles, I am limiting your research to ARTICLES, not memes. It will be a more productive and search. Also, this link Media Bias Chart may be useful as well.Media Case Study 6, pages 450-451, Does Art Imitate Life or Life imitate Art? TV Depictions of Suicide and Copycat FearsPlease follow the case study pages that are attached down below Media Literacy
CASE STUDY
Fake News, the First
Amendment, and Fighting
Propaganda
Shortly after the 2016 election, news and entertain-
ment website BuzzFeed released the disturbing
results of a study on Facebook traffic: Top fake news
stories from fake news sites got more online engage-
ment (shares, reactions, and comments) leading up
to the election than real news stories from legitimate
news operations.’ Fake news is not new. But as this
data shows, whereas it was once mostly relegated
to outlandish tabloids in grocery store checkout lines,
fake news in the digital age has transformed into an
influential force affecting the highest levels of our
political process. (See also Chapter 3.)
One way we can understand the impact of fake
news is to consider philosopher Jürgen Habermas’s
theory of the public sphere. This theory outlines how
open discussion, disagreement, and debate should
work so that members
of a society can evaluate
Web Clip
different ideas in order to
make wise decisions on
YouTube.com has many
videos related to fake news.
issues like public policy.
One good option to search According to this model,
for is “WhatsApp Takes on
one key element of debate
Fake News” from Tic Toc by
Bloomberg. Do you think that is that participants argue
limiting how many people can
“in good faith.” This means
receive the same forwarded
message will help stop the
that while people may dis-
spread of fake news? Why or agree on how to interpret
why not?
and respond to evidence,
they should not employ
dishonesty to win over oth-
ers to their point of view.
Fake news—and those who
knowingly or unknowingly
share it-poisons these public-sphere discussions as
well as the decisions based on these debates. Com-
plicating the issue further is the mountain of data
showing Russia and other hostile foreign powers as
the source of much “fake news” propaganda.
If fake news is so potentially harmful to democ-
racy and society, how is it allowed in the first place?
The short answer is that it is protected under the
freedom-of-speech guarantees of the First Amend-
ment. Yet the growing concern over Internet-based
disinformation will eventually put it on a collision
course with the rights of the First Amendment.
As the Harvard Journal of Law and Technology has
noted, “Social media is now rife with false speech,
and it is only a matter of time before those who use
social media to spread misinformation are prose-
cuted in the United States. If that were to happen, a
First Amendment challenge will be inevitable.”
For now, as with much of the Internet, fake
news lives in the realm of caveat emptor, or “buyer
beware.” In other words, it is up to consumers to
build up their media literacy and critical thinking
skills so that they can avoid fake news sources and
recognize credible news sources. Luckily, there are
groups who are willing to help with this task.
Various library groups have provided online
resources to help the public sort out the real sto-
ries from the fake, including Indiana University
East and School Library Journal.? Highly regarded
fact-checking and hoax-debunking sites—such as
Snopes.com, FactCheck.org, PolitiFact.com, and
the Washington Post’s Fact Checker-can also
provide valuable help. Some have also tried crowd-
sourcing and compiling informal but extensive lists
of websites with varying degrees of reliability, such
as Dr. Melissa Zimdars’s Google doc called “False,
Misleading, Clickbait-y, and/or Satirical ‘News’
Sources.” 4 For basic tips from these resources
7
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TABLE 13.3 || PRACTICAL TIPS FOR EVALUATING NEWS SOURCES
Tip
Explanation
1. Read past the headline.
Even legitimate news organizations can write poorly worded
or intentionally sensational headlines.
If the source isn’t familiar, search for it online or look for it
on Dr. Zimdars’s list.
2. See if you recognize the news outlet featuring the story.
3. Double-check the date and time the article was
published
4. Consider whether you recognize the author/reporter.
Sometimes old articles are shared again, and people mistakenly
believe they are new.
Conduct an online search to see if that person exists and
whether he or she has a reputation.
5. Look for links and sources.
Be wary of stories that lack these elements, and follow any
links that are included to see if they go somewhere reputable.
6. Look for reports on the same story in other news
outlets.
If it is a big story, it will almost certainly be covered by more
than one source.
misleading. Select three memes or links to articles that
seem to make extraordinary or inflammatory claims
presented as factual.
about
ways to separate fake news from real news,
see Table 13.3.
And, of course, some basic rules of critical
thinking also apply. If an article elicits a powerful
emotional reaction from its readers, it might be
reporting on a legitimate injustice, or it might be
designed to cloud your thinking with emotion. Also,
the more extraordinary the claim is, the greater
should be the evidence provided to back up that
claim. And finally, remember that when you share
something on social media, it will seem to others
that you have in some way endorsed the informa-
tion you are sharing–whether you have looked to
the source’s legitimacy or not.
ANALYSIS Using the six tips for separating real news
from fake news and propaganda, list memes or articles
that should be investigated further to determine if they are
credible.
INTERPRETATION Research the components of the
memes/articles you identified.
EVALUATION Based on your analysis and interpreta-
tion, are these memes/articles most likely to be credible
sources or fake news? What are the key factors that made
you reach that decision?
APPLYING THE CRITICAL PROCESS
DESCRIPTION Visit the Facebook page of the
acquaintance, friend, or relative you feel is most likely
to share stories that might be false or otherwise
ENGAGEMENT Share your findings, either with class-
mates or as part of a blog. By sharing your process and
your findings, you may help others become more critical
consumers of information on social media.
399
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taip
Media Literacy
CASE STUDY
A NETFLIX ORIGINAL SERIES
Does Art Imitate Life or Life
Imitate Art? TV Depictions of
Suicide and Copycat Fears
ESTE
13 REASONS WHY
1E YOU’RE LISTENING
Is it ever possible to depict suicide in a television show
YOU’RE TOO LATE
without also glamorizing it? That was the predicament
for the creators of 13 Reasons Why, a 2017 series on
Netflix adapted by Brian Yorkey from the 2007 debut
young-adult novel of the same name by Jay Asher.
The story, which spins out in thirteen episodes in its
first Netflix season, follows teenager Clay Jensen (Dylan
Minnette) as he returns home from school to find a mys-
terious box with his name on it lying on his porch. Inside
he discovers cassette tapes recorded by Hannah Baker lo
(Katherine Langford)—his classmate and crush-whom
tragically died from suicide two weeks earlier. On tape,
Hannah explains that there are thirteen reasons why
she decided to end her life. The reasons catalog betray-
als, bullying, slut shaming, binge drinking, drunk driving,
MARCH 31 | NETFLIX
drug use, and rape. Hannah’s suicide is depicted in the
final episode. A reviewer for the Guardian concluded
that the series was “too bleak to binge,” but plenty of
A Hit Netflix original series 13 Reasons Why raises important
questions about teenage suicide. But does it go too far? Netflix/
people did binge on it, lead- Photofest
ing to a second season in
LaunchPad
2018 and a third in 2019.
1
be
Like the book, the
Visit LaunchPad to watch
a clip from 13 Reasons Why.
series prompted a
Mark Henick, a mental health advocate, argued
What messages about suicide debate about bullying, that TV programs like 13 Reasons Why can have
do you think this clip sends to
an audience?
depression, sexual con- several problematic features in their portrayal of
sent, drug and alcohol suicide, including simplifying or romanticizing it, and
abuse, and self-harm. presenting it as a viable option instead of seeking
From a media effects proper care for mental health issues. He argues that
perspective, there was
graphic representations of suicide can also harm
concern that portrayals
viewers, especially young and impressionable ones.
of suicide might glam-
In 2017, the Atlantic reported on a study in which
launchpadworks.com
orize suicide and induce
public health researchers found that “Google queries
copycats.
about suicide rose by almost 20 percent in 19 days
450
11/19
sher
after the show came out, representing between conversation. The first point was this: “13 Reasons
900,000 and 1.5 million more searches than usual Why is a fictional story based on a widely known novel
regarding the subject:”3 The concern among many and is meant to be a cautionary tale
experts-referred to as the contagion effect-is that
although the television series can increase awareness
of the tragedy of suicide, it can also idealize it.
APPLYING THE CRITICAL PROCESS
The show’s creators defended the program
and its story. Nevertheless, about two months
DESCRIPTION Do an online search for news articles
after the 2017 release of 13 Reasons Why (which
discussing 13 Reasons Why and concerns about copycat
was already rated TV-MA), Netflix added stronger
suicides. Pick three articles in a variety of publications
advisory warnings at the beginning of certain epi- that seem current, relevant, and detailed. Summarize
sodes and supplementary content to its companion each article, noting the following information: whether
13 Reasons Why.info website. The site contains the article’s author seemed to be troubled by the depiction
videos addressing a number of the show’s disturb- of suicide in the show, the name of the publication in
ing topics, such as sexual assault; a discussion which the article was published, and the sources the
guide; and links to mental health resources for
article cites. ON
help, including the Crisis Text Line and the National
Suicide Prevention Lifeline. In a statement, Netflix
ANALYSIS Put your information into chart form, noting
said, “While many of our members find the show how the topic of suicide is discussed. Are certain arguments
to be a valuable driver for starting important con- or concerns more common than others? Are there
versation with their families, we have also heard patterns? Are any opposing viewpoints given?
concern from those who feel the series should
carry additional advisories.”5 The Netflix page for
INTERPRETATION If you identified patterns during
the series states, “This series contains scenes your analysis, what might these patterns mean? Were
that viewers may find disturbing, including graphic you surprised by any of the arguments given in the
depictions of sexual assault, substance abuse, and articles?
suicide. If you or anyone you know needs help find-
ing support or crisis resources, please go to
EVALUATION Which of the arguments presented in
13 Reasons Why.info for more information.”6
the articles seem most compelling? Why? Do you find
Dan Reidenberg, psychologist and executive
yourself agreeing or disagreeing with the articles that
director of the national organization Suicide Awareness express concerns over the portrayal of suicide in the
Voices of Education (SAVE), weighed in: “Although it’s series? Why or why not?
created a conversation about suicide, it’s not the right
ENGAGEMENT Now that you have spent time
conversation.” When Reidenberg was contacted by
reading about 13 Reasons Why, watch several episodes
Netflix for guidance before the release of 13 Reasons
of the program. Compare your personal observations and
Why, he recommended that the company not release
impressions with the information you found in the articles
the show. That, of course, did not happen. In response,
SAVE issued talking points for 13 Reasons Why for you read, and write a blog post about your thoughts on
people to share in order to try to create the right how suicide is addressed in this program.
451
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