PSY 150 California Coast University Health Psychology and Behavior Exam Hello, was hoping you can help me with this txt book – Health Psychology: An Introd

PSY 150 California Coast University Health Psychology and Behavior Exam Hello, was hoping you can help me with this txt book – Health Psychology: An Introduction to Behavior and HealthLinda Brannon, John A. Updegraff & Jess Feist, 2018CengageISBN.13: 978-1-337-09464-1 PSY 150 Health Psychology
Unit 1 Examination
Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)
1. The increase in life expectancy since 1900 is due mostly to ______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
decreases chronic diseases
the conquest of influenza
penicillin
none of the above
2. Based on the real-world profile of Angela Bryan, how should health psychologists evaluate the
effectiveness of their interventions in changing health behaviors?
a.
b.
c.
d.
anecdotal feedback from patients they have treated
patients’ responses to self-reporting questionnaires
applying valid and reliable research methodologies
interdisciplinary partners’ views of patient progress
3. Cade attributes catching a “cold” to not getting enough sleep and feelings of distress. Thus,
Cade has an implicit acceptance of the ______ model of health.
a.
b.
c.
d.
biochemical
biomedical
cartesian
biopsychosocial
4. Chronic illnesses in the U.S. are responsible for the majority of health care spending. Which
category accounts for the largest proportion of money spent?
a.
b.
c.
d.
overall health care spending
prescriptions that are written
hospitalizations for patients
patients’ visiting physicians
5. According to Table 1.1 of your text, which of the following ethnic groups has the MOST
statistical justification for concern about dying from unintentional injuries?
a.
b.
c.
d.
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European Americans
Hispanic Americans
African Americans
Asian Americans
PSY 150 Health Psychology
Unit 1 Examination
6. For which of the following ethnic groups is kidney disease a more common cause of death than
for the others?
a.
b.
c.
d.
African Americans
European Americans
Hispanic Americans
Asian Americans
7. One of the challenges of conducting health research is that it is impossible, and unethical, to
manipulate certain variables, such as sexual behaviors or smoking. The research design that
examines differences between groups without manipulating these groups is ______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
experimental
ex post facto
random assignment
longitudinal
8. A research study found a direct, consistent association between late bedtime and childhood
obesity. This is known as a _______ relationship.
a.
b.
c.
d.
negative
dose-response
positive
causal
9. Patient A was raised to view medical treatments as most effective; Patient B was raised to
believe in faith healing and avoid medical treatments. If both patients are given a placebo,
what is MOST likely?
a. the strength of their respective placebo responses should not be affected by the
differences in what they believe
b. each will have a stronger response to a placebo that seems most similar to their respective
preferred treatments
c. each will have a stronger response to a placebo that seems most different from the
treatments that each one prefers
d. none of the above
10. For which of the following symptoms would you expect a placebo to be MOST ineffective?
a.
b.
c.
d.
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pain
nausea
fracture
depression
PSY 150 Health Psychology
Unit 1 Examination
11. Research has found that obesity is related to high blood pressure. This finding means that
______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
obesity is a risk factor for high blood pressure
obesity is an independent risk factor for high blood pressure
most overweight people die of high blood pressure
thin people are protected against high blood pressure
12. Which of the following is characteristic of a randomized controlled trial?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Researchers randomly assign participants to either a study group or a control group.
It avoids the problem of self-selection.
Researchers must control variables other than those of primary interest.
All of the above.
13. According to David Mechanic, which of the following symptom characteristics is LEAST likely
to determine people’s response to illness?
a.
b.
c.
d.
cost of treatment and hospitalization
perceived severity of the illness
visibility of the symptoms
the extent to which the symptoms interfere with normal daily functioning
14. Alexander Segall proposed that the sick role includes three rights or privileges and three
duties or responsibilities. Which of these factors is a duty or responsibility of people who have
adopted the sick role behavior?
a.
b.
c.
d.
use a range of health care resources
be exempt from normal duties
make decisions concerning health-related issues
become dependent on others for assistance
15. Medical errors do cause deaths in the United States. A 1999 study from the Institute of
medicine suggests that deaths from medical errors per year ______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
40
number between 44,000 and 98,000
are over 44,000 but less than 55,000
may exceed 98,000
None of the above.
PSY 150 Health Psychology
Unit 1 Examination
16. Which of these people is MOST likely to seek health care?
a. Mildred is 72 years old and simply does not feel well. She refers to her symptoms as “the
crud.”
b. Melvin is a 63-year-old owner of his own profitable business. He began to feel chest pains
yesterday and is concerned.
c. Elmer is 68 years old, never married, and lives alone. For the past 2 years, Elmer has
experienced “shortness of breath.”
d. Ida is 92 years old and feels fine. However, she is lonely and would “like to talk to
someone about her health.”
17. The exemption from usual duties when sick, as identified by Segall, is LEAST applicable to
which group?
a.
b.
c.
d.
people who are afraid of losing their jobs
people who love their jobs and coworkers
people who are hospitalized for treatment
both a and b
18. Joshua has been told by friends that he does not look well. He feels flushed and decides to
take his temperature to determine if he has a fever. His actions would be defined as ______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
self-defeating behavior
disease behavior
illness behavior
socialized behavior
19. The behavioral model of adherence:
a.
b.
c.
d.
advocates punishment of noncompliant behaviors
emphasizes reinforcement of adherent behaviors
incorporates the concept of subjective norms
None of the above.
20. The model or theory that includes four beliefs—perceived susceptibility, perceived severity,
perceived benefits, and perceived barriers—to predict health-related behavior is the ______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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self-efficacy theory
health belief model
health action process approach
theory of planned behavior
PSY 150 Health Psychology
Unit 1 Examination
21. In the volitional phase of the health action process approach model, _______ is a crucial
component of whether behavior change will be maintained over time.
a.
b.
c.
d.
outcome expectation
self-efficacy
risk perception
planning
22. What have researchers found about self-efficacy theory relative to health behaviors?
a.
b.
c.
d.
it
it
it
it
is
is
is
is
not
not
not
not
predictive of adherence or medical results
related to reducing the severity of disease
included in most health behavior models
inclusive of other factors for motivation
23. With regard to age, studies show that nonadherence ________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
increases as the age of the patients increase
decreases as the age of the patients decrease
is related to different patient ages on a curve
does not have any relationship to patient age
24. In studies with patients recovering from heart problems and patients with diabetes, _______
was a better determinant of adherence than _______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
practical support; emotional support
emotional support; invisible support
emotional support; practical support
practical support; invisible support
25. Bandura’s notion of reciprocal determinism assumes that human conduct results from an
interaction of behavior, person factors (such as cognition), and _______.
a.
b.
c.
d.
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the environment
outcome expectancies
subjective norms
intention to act
PSY 150 Health Psychology
Unit 1 Examination
Writing Assignment for Unit One
•
Include your name, student number, course number, course title and unit number with your
writing assignment.
•
Begin each writing assignment by identifying the question number you are answering followed by
the actual question itself (in bold type).
•
Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e., an introduction, middle
paragraphs and conclusion).
•
Responses must be typed double-spaced, using a standard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12
point type size.
Word count is NOT one of the criteria that is used in assigning points to writing assignments. However,
students who are successful in earning the maximum number of points tend to submit writing assignments
that fall in the following ranges:
Undergraduate courses: 350 – 500 words per question.
Graduate courses: 500 – 750 words per question.
Doctoral courses: 750 – 1000 words per question.
Plagiarism
All work must be free of any form of plagiarism. Put written answers into your own words. Do not simply cut
and paste your answers from the Internet and do not copy your answers from the textbook. Be sure to refer to
the course syllabus for more details on plagiarism and proper citation styles.
Please answer ONE of the following:
1. What is a theory? How do theories further science? Identify three characteristics of a useful
theory. Discuss the role of theories in research and how psychology utilizes theories.
2. What is a consideration for children who must be hospitalized and how do pediatric
hospitals and health psychologists address it? Discuss some research findings about various
interventions and their relative effectiveness.
3. What are stage theories of health behavior change? How do they differ from continuum
theories?
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