Question 1: Which part of the body would a person who is having a heart attack sometimes feel referred pain?
right arm
left arm
right leg
left leg
Question 2: Which of the following is NOT an effector of the autonomic nervous system?
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
adipose tissue
skeletal muscle
Question 3: Identify the eye structure labeled “A”
corneal limbus
lateral canthus
lacrimal caruncle
medial canthus
Question 4: In response to stress, which of the following changes would happen?
decreased insulin secretion
decreased cardiac output
decreased sweating
decreased or difficulty breathing
Question 5: Which of the following parameters would chemoreceptors NOT monitor the levels of?
CO2 levels
blood pH
O2 levels
N2 levels
Question 6: The 2 neurons that make up an ANS motor electrical pathway are called the ____________ neuron and the ____________ neuron.
pre-receptor and post-receptor
pre-ganglionic and post-ganglionic
pre-synaptic and post-synaptic
pre-nuclear and post-nuclear
Question 7: Diabetic retinopathy develops because abnormal blood vessels grow into the space adjacent to the neural part of the retina, causing cellular damage and ultimately blindness. Which of the following cells form the deepest layer of the neural part of the retina?
amacrine and horizontal cells
bipolar cells
ganglionic cells
rods and cones
Question 8: The acronym PRL stands for the hormone named
peri-renal hormone
peptide-releasing hormone
parathyroid hormone
prolactin
Question 9: Identify the neuron structure labeled “C”.
golgi apparatus
mitochondrian
neurofilament
nissl bodies
Question 10: Which part of the diencephalon relays and process sensory information?
pons
hypothalamus
thalamus
brain stem
Question 11: Identify the type of neural circuit labeled “E”?
convergence
reverberation
serial processing
divergence
Question 12: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is also known as_______________.
Lou Gehrig’s disease
multiple sclerosis
Huntington’s chorea
muscular dystrophy
Question 13: Tim has suffered a vasovagal loss of consciousness, commonly known as fainting. Environmental triggers, including the smell of the anatomy lab and the sight of the cadaver, caused a momentary malfunction of his autonomic nervous system (ANS). How is the structural organization of the ANS different from or similar to that of the somatic nervous system (SNS)?
They are different. In the ANS, central nervous system motor neurons synapse with and exert direct control over the visceral effectors.
They are different. In the ANS, motor neurons of the central nervous system do not directly control visceral effectors. They synapse with visceral motor neurons in ganglia, and the ganglionic neurons control the visceral effectors.
Both the ANS and the SNS have the same organization: an upper motor neuron that synapses with a lower motor neuron that directly innervates muscle.
Both the ANS and the SNS have the same organization: a visceral motor neuron that synapses with a preganglionic neuron that synapses with the ganglionic neuron that innervates the visceral effectors.
Question 14: Which of the following stimuli would NOT be monitored by special sensory receptors?
visceral organs
hearing
equilibrium
vision
Question 15: Underproduction or tissue insensitivity of which hormone causes AIDison’s disease?
FSH
mineralocorticoids
glucocorticoids
epinephrine
Question 16: Which of the following is NOT one of the three classes of mechanoreceptors?
proprioceptors
thermoreceptors
baroreceptors
tactile receptors
Question 17: When a person faints, their sympathetic division of the ANS fails, while the parasympathetic division goes into overdrive. Parasympathetic stimulation of the vagus nerve causes the individual’s heart rate to slow, the force of contractions to decrease, and blood pressure to drop. As a result, blood flow to the brain decreases, causing a fainting episode. Which part of the brain is critical for maintaining consciousness through its interactions with the cortex?
the reticular activating system
limbic system
nucleus basalis
general interpretive center
Question 18: In a condition called detached retina, the neural part of the retina separates from the pigmented part. Blindness may result if blood supply to the photoreceptors cannot be restored. These photoreceptors are called?
rods and cones
ganglion cells
amacrine and horizontal cells
bipolar cells
Question 19: When blood glucose levels are high
the pancreas releases insulin
the pancreas releases glucagon
the liver releases insulin
the liver releases glucagon
Question 20: Pain receptors located in the epidermis are called _______________.
nociceptors
tactile receptors
Merkel discs
chemoreceptors
Question 21: Years of illegal drug use have left a patient with anterograde amnesia. Which of the following regions is probably affected?
amygdala
nucleus basalis
all of the answers are correct
hippocampus
Question 22: The scientific term for eyelid is
caruncle
fissure
canthus
palpebra
Question 23: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is related to which the underproduction of which hormone?
cortisol
GH
insulin
ADH
Question 24: Which ion causes repolarization of the neuron during an action potential?
sodium
potassium
calcium
magnesium
Question 25: Identify the cranial nerve labeled “E”.
oculomotor nerve
optic nerve
facial nerve
olfactory nerve
Question 26: Which glial cells are most directly associated with the formation of CSF?
neurons
oligodendrocytes
ependymal cells
astrocytes
Question 27: Which of the following tactile receptors is a diagram of a Ruffini corpuscle?
E
F
C
D
Question 28: According to the Clinical Note “Alzheimer’s disease”, which is NOT true concerning early-onset Alzheimer’s?
it can be caused by long-term aspirin use
early-onset accounts for less than 5% of Alzheimer’s cases
it has been linked to genes on a few different chromosomes, including chromosome 21
a majority of individuals with Down’s syndrome develop it
Question 29: Tears are lacrimal secretions which contain 2 bactericidal proteins called
IgG and lysozyme
IgG and appozyme
IgA and appozyme
IgA and lysozyme
Question 30: Primary endocrine disorders may be due to damage to the hormone producing organ. If a person has damage to the thyroid gland from repeated exposure to radiation therapy, which of the following is least likely to be part of a primary endocrine disorder for this individual?
none of the answers are correct
hyposecretion of calcitonin
hyposecretion of T3 and T4
decreased osteoblast sensitivity to calcitonin
Question 31: Assessing spinal nerve damage may involve the use of a vibration fork that is tapped along segments of the spinal nerve pathway. Which type of sensory receptor detects vibrations?
proprioceptors
thermoreceptors
tactile receptors
baroreceptors
Question 32: While out for a walk, Mary suIDenly meets an angry dog. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the physiological changes that occurs as she turns and runs?
parasympathetic
sympathetic
afferent
somatic
Question 33: Identify the eye structure labeled “E”.
iris
retina
sclera
pupil
Question 34: Which endocrine gland produces epinephrine and norepinephrine?
pituitary gland
adrenal gland
pineal gland
thyroid gland
Question 35: An individual with high blood pressure is given medication that blocks beta receptors. How could this medication help correct the person’s condition?
by increasing sympathetic stimulation of tissues containing those cells (ie: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle)
none of the answers are correct
by decreasing or preventing sympathetic stimulation of tissues containing those cells (ie: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle)
by decreasing or preventing parasympathetic stimulation of tissues containing those cells (ie: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle)
Question 36: What causes glaucoma?
an increase in intraocular pressure due to the inability of aqueous humor to drain
elongation of the eyeball
diabetes mellitus
suIDen hard impact to the eye
Question 37: Which condition develops because the posterior lobe of pituitary gland does not release adequate amounts of ADH?
Grave’s disease
Cushing’s syndrome
diabetes insipidus
AIDison’s disease
Question 38: Identify the structure in the spinal cord section labeled “D”
posterior median sulcus
posterior white commissure
anterior white column
anterior white commissure
Question 39: Writing nueron instead of neuron may indicate a condition known as dyslexia, in which letters are often switched within a word. Which of the following cortical functional areas is most likely affected?
gustatory area
general interpretive area
olfactory area
limbic system
Question 40: Identify the neuron type labeled “D”
unipolar
anaxonic
bipolar
multipolar
Question 41: Remember to take a screen shot of your grade for the Midterm Exam. If you don’t take a screen shot, you will not be able to verify your score if it doesn’t register in CANVAS. If you fail to take the screenshot and your score doesn’t register, you will not earn any credit for this exam. Please choose TRUE below.
True
False
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