Miami Dade College Please People of Greek, Cuban and Hindu Heritage Discussion Please read the instructions below and do this research following all these

Miami Dade College Please People of Greek, Cuban and Hindu Heritage Discussion Please read the instructions below and do this research following all these steps in order

Read chapter 11, 16 and 30 of the class textbook and review the attached PowerPoint presentations. Read Content chapter 30 in Davis Plus Online Website.

Once done present an 800 words essay contracting the cultural and health care beliefs of the Greek, Cuban and Hindu heritage. Please note we are studying two oriental and one occidental heritage. In the essay mention how the Greek and Hindu heritage has influenced the Cuban heritage in term of health care beliefs.

People of Greek Heritage.

People of Cuban Heritage.

People of Hindu Heritage.

A minimum of 800 words not counting the first page and reference are required, 4 evidence-based references no older than 5 years (excluding the class the class textbook)

Please make sure you apply the APA guidelines to the references.????????? 7th edition reference guide attached.

Style: APA
References: 4
Double space

Please let me know if you have any questions.

Thank you Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Irish American Culture
Larry Purnell, PhD, RN, FAAN
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Overview/Heritage
? The Republic of Ireland, also known as Eire and
the Emerald Isle, covers most of the island
bearing its name.
? The remainder of the island, Northern Ireland, is
part of Great Britain.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Overview/Heritage
? During the potato famine between 1846 and
1848, thousands of Irish died from malnutrition,
typhus, dysentery, and scurvy; millions
immigrated to America.
? Over 38 million people of Irish descent live in the
United States.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Overview/Heritage
? Most Irish immigrants initially settled in industrial
areas in the northeastern United States along the
Atlantic coast.
? The Irish attained success in America because
they spoke the same language, had the same
physical appearance as other European
Americans, and mastered the political system.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communication
? The major languages spoken in Ireland are
English and Irish (Gaelic); the latter is the
official language and is spoken primarily in
West Ireland.
? The Irish enjoy puns, riddles, limericks, and
storytelling.
? This Irish accent has a nasal quality, spoken
with a strong inflection on the first syllable of
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communication
? When one becomes accustomed to hearing
the Irish-accented English used by newer
immigrants, there is little difficulty in
understanding the speaker.
? Irish is low-context English, using many words
to express a thought.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communication
? Some common Gaelic words and their
meanings are shamrock for “emblem,” limer
for “folklore character,” colleen or lassie for
“girl,” sonsie or sonsy for “handsome,” cess for
“luck,” brogue for “shoe,” dudeen for “pipe
tobacco,” and paddy for “Irishman.”
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communication
? Even though most Irish delight in telling long
stories, when discussing personal matters,
they are much less expressive unless they are
talking with close friends and family.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communication
? Humility and emotional reserve are
considered virtues.
? Displays of emotion and affection in public are
avoided and are often difficult in private.
? Even then, many are still reluctant to express
their innermost thoughts and feelings.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communication
? To many, caring actions are more important than
verbal expressions.
? Direct eye contact when speaking with each other.
? Not maintaining eye contact may be interpreted as a
sign of disrespect, guilt, or evidence that the other
person cannot be trusted.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communication
? Personal space is important to the Irish, who may
require greater distance in spatial relationships than
other ethnocultural groups.
? Although the Irish may be less physically expressive
with hand and body gesturing, facial expressions are
readily displayed, with frequent smiling even during
times of adversity.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communication
? The Irish in America, with their strong sense of
tradition, are typically past-oriented.
? They have an allegiance to the past, their ancestors,
and their history.
? While respecting the past, they balance “being” with
“doing,” and they plan for the future by investing in
education and saving money.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Communication
? Many Irish see time as being elastic and flexible.
? Mac before a family name means “son of,” whereas
the letter O in front of a name means “descended
from.”
? Women usually take the name of their husband
when they marry. Some keep their last name and
other use both their surname and that of her
husband.
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Family Roles and Organization
? The traditional Irish family is nuclear with parents
and children living in the same household.
? Irish families emphasize independence and selfreliance in children.
? Boys are allowed and expected to be more
aggressive than girls, who are raised to be
respectable, responsible, and resilient.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Family Roles and Organization
? Children are expected to have self-restraint and
self-discipline and to be respectful and obedient
to their parents, elders, church, and community
figures.
? Adolescent years are a time for experiencing
emotional autonomy, independence, and
attachment outside the family while remaining
loyal to the family and maintaining the traditional
Irish belief in the importance of family.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Family Roles and Organization
? Provisions are made in Irish homes for care of
elderly family members, a task that becomes
increasingly difficult when both parents work
outside the home.
? Irish respect the experience of elderly people and
seek their counsel for decision-making.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Family Roles and Organization
? The Irish value physical strength, endurance,
work, the ability to perform work, children, and
the ability to provide their children with the
needed education to attain respectable
socioeconomic status and accomplishments.
? Same-sex relationships continue to carry a
stigma for some.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Workforce Issues
? Because cultural differences between Ireland and
the United States are minimal, Irish assimilate
into the American workforce easily.
? When change is necessary to improve the status
quo, the Irish readily relinquish traditional beliefs
and adjust to the workforce.
? Even though the Irish are typical of past-oriented
groups in other ways, they tended to question the
status quo of the American workforce.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Workforce Issues
? The low contextual use of language, where most
of the message is in an explicit mode rather than
an implicit mode, enhances pragmatic
communications in the workforce.
? Personal space is important to the Irish, who may
require greater distance in spatial relationships
than other ethnocultural groups.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
ClickerCheck
The Irish are noted for their low-context English.
Low contexted language means
a. Few words are used to express a thought.
b. May words are used to express a thought.
c. Nonverbal communication is common.
d. Nonverbal communication is rare.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Correct Answer
Correct answer: B
Low contexted English means that the majority of
the message is verbal and many words are used
to express a thought.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Biocultural Ecology
? Most Irish have dark hair and fair skin or red hair,
ruddy cheeks, and fair skin; however, other
variations exist in hair and skin color.
? The fair complexion of the Irish places them at
risk for skin cancer.
? The Irish are taller and broader in stature than
average European Americans, Asians, or Pacific
Islanders.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Biocultural Ecology
? Because mining is an important economic activity
in Ireland, miners are at increased risk for
respiratory diseases.
? The cool maritime climate of Ireland increases
susceptibility to respiratory diseases.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Biocultural Ecology
? Commonly occurring health conditions for Irish
Americans are coronary heart disease,
phenylketonuria, osteoporosis, alcoholism, and
skin cancer.
? The major cause of infant mortality in Ireland is
congenital abnormalities.
? Other conditions with a high incidence among
Irish newborns are phenylketonuria (PKU), neural
tube defects, and fetal alcohol syndrome.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
High-Risk Health Behaviors
? Smoking has been identified as a major risk
factor causing premature mortality from cancer
in Ireland and among the Irish in America.
? The use of alcohol and intravenous drugs are
major health problems among Irish Americans.
? Alcohol problems in Ireland are among the
highest internationally.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
High-Risk Health Behaviors
? Alcoholism researchers generally agree that
Irish ancestry puts individuals at risk for
developing drinking problems.
? Irish pubs are popular establishments that have
become synonymous with alcohol intake, lively
music, and a vivacious time.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Nutrition
? Irish food is unpretentious and wholesome if eaten in
recommended proportions.
? Food is an important part of health maintenance and
celebrations.
? Vitamins are commonly used as a dietary supplement.
? Meat, potatoes, and vegetables are dietary staples.
? Lamb, mutton, pork, and poultry are common meats.
? Seafood includes salmon, mussels, mackerel, oysters,
and scallops.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Nutrition
? Popular Irish dishes include Irish stew made with
lamb, potatoes, and onions.
? Potatoes are used in a variety of ways.
Colcannon is made with hot potatoes, mashed
with cabbage, butter, and milk, and seasoned
with nutmeg. This dish may be served at
Halloween.
? Champ is a popular dish made with mashed
potatoes and scallions.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Nutrition
? Potato cakes, made with mashed potatoes, flour,
salt, and butter, are shaped into patties and fried
in bacon grease.
? Potato cakes are served hot or cold with butter
and sometimes with molasses or maple syrup.
? Another popular dish is Dublin coddle, made with
bacon, pork sausage, potatoes, and onions.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Nutrition
? Oatmeal is popular in Ireland.
? Soda bread, another popular food, is made with
flour, baking soda, salt, sugar, cream of tartar,
and sour milk.
? Mealtimes are important occasions for Irish
families to socialize and discuss family concerns.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Nutrition
? Meals are eaten three times a day with a large
breakfast in rural areas, lunch around noon, and
a late dinner.
? Some Irish Americans continue the afternoon
tradition of “tea,” a light sandwich or biscuit with
hot tea.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
ClickerCheck
Health conditions with a high prevalence among
Irish and Irish Americans include all of the
following except
a. Alcohol misuse.
b. PKU
c. Skin cancer
d. Aortic anyerisms
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Correct Answer
Correct answer: D
No documentation exists that indicate Irish and
Irish American have an increased risk for Aortic
aneurysms.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
? Not eating a well-balanced diet or not eating the right
kinds of food may cause the baby to be deformed.
? A belief common to many other ethnic groups is that the
mother should not reach over her head during pregnancy
because the baby’s cord may wrap around its neck.
? A taboo behavior in the past, which some women still
respect, is that if the pregnant woman sees or
experiences a tragedy during pregnancy, a congenital
anomaly may occur.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Pregnancy and Childbearing Practices
? Eating a well-balanced diet after delivery
continues to be a prescriptive practice for
ensuring a healthy baby and maintaining the
mother’s health.
? Plenty of rest, fresh air, and sunshine are also
important for maintaining the mother’s health.
? Going to bed with wet hair or wet feet causes
illness in the mother.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Death Rituals
? The Irish are fatalists and acknowledge the
inevitability of death.
? The American emphasis on technology and dying
in the hospital may be incongruent with the Irish
American belief that family members should stay
with the dying person.
? Whereas men are expected to be more stoical in
their bereavement, women are more expressive.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Death Rituals
? A wake continues as an important phenomenon
in contemporary Irish families and is a time of
melancholy, rejoicing, pain, and hopefulness.
The occasion is a celebration of the person’s life.
? Cremation is an individual choice, and there are
no proscriptions against autopsy, if required.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Spirituality
? The predominant religion of most Irish is
Catholicism, and the church is a source of
strength and solace.
? Other religions common among Irish in America
include various Protestant denominations, such
as the Church of Ireland, Presbyterian, Quaker,
and Episcopalian.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Spirituality
? In times of illness, Irish Catholics receive the
Sacrament of the Sick, which includes anointing,
communion, and a blessing by the priest.
? The Eucharist, a small wafer made from flour and
water, is given to the sick as the food of healing
and health.
? Family members can participate if they wish.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Spirituality
? Attending Mass daily is a common practice
among many traditional and devout Irish Catholic
families.
? Prayer is an individual and private matter.
? In times of illness, the clergy may offer prayers
with the sick as well as with the family.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Spirituality
? For Catholics, holy day worship begins at 4 PM
the evening preceding the holy day of
obligation; all Sundays are considered holy
days.
? The obligation to fast and abstain from meat on
specified days is relinquished during times of
illness.
? Some Irish may wear religious medals to
maintain health.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Health-care Practices
? Many Irish use denial as a way of coping with
physical and psychological problems.
? The Irish view of life is illustrated in the belief that
life is black with long suffering, and the less said
about it, the better.
? Many Irish ignore symptoms and delay seeking
medical attention until symptoms interfere with
the ability to carry out activities of daily living.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Health-care Practices
? Irish Americans limit and understate problems
and handle problems by using denial.
? Because Irish people may not be very descriptive
about their symptoms, treatment may be more
difficult.
? Illness or injury may be linked to guilt and
considered to be the result of having done
something morally wrong.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Health-care Practices
? Most Irish believe one is obligated to use
ordinary means to preserve life.
? Extraordinary means may be withheld to allow
the person to die a natural death.
? The sick person and family define extraordinary
means; finances, quality of life, and effects on the
family usually influence the decision.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Health-care Practices
? In most Irish families, nuclear family members
are consulted first about health problems.
? Mothers and older women are usually sought for
their knowledge of folk practices to alleviate
common problems, such as colds.
? Having a strong religious faith, keeping one’s feet
warm and dry, dressing warmly, eating a
balanced diet, getting enough sleep, and
exercising are important for staying healthy.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Health-care Practices
Irish practices include—
?
?
?
?
?
?
Wearing religious medals to prevent illness
Using cough syrup made from honey and whiskey
Taking honey and lemon for a sore throat
Drinking hot tea with whiskey and eating toast for a cold
Drinking hot tea for nausea
Putting a damp cloth on the forehead for a headache.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Health-care Practices
? The behavioral response of the Irish to pain is
stoic, usually ignoring or minimizing it.
? One explanation for high rates of mental illness
may be associated with the Irish having difficulty
describing emotions and expressing feelings.
? Blood transfusions are acceptable to most Irish
Americans.
? Many participate in organ donation and indicate
their willingness to do so on their driver’s
licenses.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Health-care Practitioners
? The Irish respect all health-care professionals.
? Although the Irish are not noted for being overly
modest, some may prefer to receive intimate
care from someone of the same gender.
? In general, men and women may care for each
other in health-care settings as long as privacy
and sensitivity are maintained.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Hindu Culture
Larry Purnell, PhD, RN, FAAN
Copyright © 2013 F.A. Davis Company
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Hindu Overview/Heritage
? More than a billion people inhabit India.
? Eighty percent of the population are Hindus,
followers of Hinduism.
? Other significant religious groups include Sikhs,
Moslems, and Christians.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Hindu Overview/Heritage
? Different religious sectors share many common
cultural beliefs and practices.
? Immigrants to the United States come
predominantly from urban areas, including all
major Indian states.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Hindu Overview/Heritage
? Most recent immigrants are highly educated.
? More than 1,600,000 Asian Indians are living in
the United States.
? Most come to the United States to attain a higher
standard of living, better working conditions, and
job opportunities.
Transcultural Health Care: A Culturally Competent Approach, 4th Edition
Hindu Communication
? Asian Indian languages fall into two main
groups: Indo-Aryan in the north and
Dravidian in the south.
? Hindi,…
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