CJ 499 Grantham University Wk 3 Criminal Justice and Policing Annotated Bibliography Complete an annotated Outline/Bibliography using scholarly research ar

CJ 499 Grantham University Wk 3 Criminal Justice and Policing Annotated Bibliography Complete an annotated Outline/Bibliography using scholarly research articles about your selected Final paper topic.  You will be required to use at least 8 resources in week 3.  However, you Final Paper should include at least 15 scholarly research articles.  You should begin researching these articles in preparation for completing your Final Paper.  Submit your annotated Outline/Bibliography by day 7.
From this week, you will continue to work on your final research paper, to include my feedback from your title page and abstract submission, as well as this week’s outline/annotated bibliography.  Review my feedback and inquire where needed to ensure you understand your requirements as a learner, how to apply your research and application from your outline/annotated bibliography, into your final research paper.  Your research paper will be presented to me in week 7 for initial review and your final research paper will be submitted in week 8. CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND POLICING
1
Criminal Justice and Policing
Clayton J Cromwell Sr.
Grantham University
CA499 Criminal Justice Capstone
July 21, 2020
CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND POLICING
2
Abstract
Criminal justice and policing can be termed as the structure through which the police
maintain of public order and safety, enforcing laws, preventing detecting and investigating illegal
activities. Criminal justice is an intertwining procedure whose main objective is to obtain the
control of crime, reduce criminal cases, and impose sanctions for the crimes committed. Notably,
there are different levels of criminal justice systems, namely the state level, federal level, and
local level. Importantly, this paper discusses various areas of criminal justice and policing. The
research paper begins by identifying and correlates the multiple theories in policing (Alpert,
Flynn & Piquero, 2001). Significantly, the theories of policing try to explain why the policing
systems are different in their organization, the authority mandated to them in their duties,
features defining their work, and their abilities to shape the dominant ideologies of policing. The
theories of policing are traditional policing theories and predictive policing theories. The
predictive policing theories are based on new technologies of identifying crime. They enable the
police authority to recognize crime locations and develop strategies for reducing criminal cases
based on the data provided (Ferguson, 2019). On the other hand, the traditional theories are
mainly based on community-based approaches, which are not very useful in discovering criminal
cases.
The research paper also discusses the different policing strategies being used in law
legislation. Law enforcement agencies usually adopt multiple methods to combat crime and
enhance the protection of the people. These policing initiatives exceed former ways of
responding to call services and mainly seek to improve crime prevention, intervention, and
effectiveness through vital techniques. Explicitly, these approaches include community outreach,
adequate distribution of resources, crime analysis, and collection of crime information and
statistics. Finally, the paper also provides the agencies along with traditional policing like
CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND POLICING
3
community policing, problem-solving policing, intelligence-led policing, and evidence-based
policing. Essentially, community policing has a role of enhancing public trust in law
enforcement officers. It is different from traditional policing. Community-based policing focuses
on the community’s engagement in law enforcement efforts to reduce crimes.agencies are also
encouraged to proactively develop solutions to the conditions that lead to public safety problems.
In other words, problem-solving should be imparted in all the policing operations.
Further, intelligence-led polling should be integrated. It is an attempt to discover
prospective victims and possible lawbreakers. It then collaborates with the community to offer
the criminals an opportunity to change their behaviors before they are apprehended for more
severe crimes. On the other hand, evidence-based policing is when the police officers make use
of the available evidence that has been provided to make the policing decisions.
Key words: policing, criminal justice, community policing, predictive policing, traditional
policing
CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND POLICING
4
References
Alpert g., Flynn d. & Piquero A.R. (2001). Effective Community Policing Performance
Measures. Justice Research and Policy, 79-94.
Braga, A. A. (2015). New perspectives in policing. Washington: national institute of justice.
Ferguson, A. G. (2019). Predictive Policing Theory. Washington: American University
Washington College of Law. file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/SSRN-id3516382.pdf
https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/248888.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266507389
Effective Community Policing Performance Measures

Purchase answer to see full
attachment