SCIN 130 American Military University Wk 2 Common Descent Exam Practice Complete all the activities in this lab instruction packet: SCIN 130 Lab 2: Common

SCIN 130 American Military University Wk 2 Common Descent Exam Practice Complete all the activities in this lab instruction packet: SCIN 130 Lab 2: Common Descent. Work through the instruction packet step by step. Record your results in the worksheet as you progress through this instruction packet.https://edge.apus.edu/access/content/group/science… SCIN 130 Lab 2: Common Descent
SCIN 130 Lab 2: Common Descent
General Instructions
Be sure to read the general instructions from the Lessons portion of
the class prior to completing this packet.
Remember, you are to upload this packet with your quiz for the
week!
Background
Key concepts from this lab to remember:
• Species descend from other species. Even distantly related
species, like humans and sponges, can trace their shared ancestry
back to a common ancestor.
• Evidence for common descent includes the fossil record and
anatomical, genetic, and developmental homologies among
organisms.
• The fossil record provides a history of life on Earth. It includes
fossils with features that are intermediate, or transitional, between
those of major groups of animals.
• When a series of transitional fossils are viewed together, they
reveal the gradual sequence of change connecting one major group
to another.
• An organism’s DNA codes for proteins that result in an organism’s
visible traits.
• Scientists infer function and behavior from anatomical structures.
• Natural selection is the process by which heritable traits that confer
a survival and/or reproductive advantage to individuals that
possess them increase in frequency within a population over
generations.
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Specific Lab Instructions
Name:
Date:
Part 1: Explore Your Inner Animals
Go to: Explore Your Inner Animal from HHMI Biointeractive
Notice the highlighted sections on the human:
When you click on each highlighted area, a list of animals with
homologous structures appear on the right. For this portion of the lab, you
must click on each animal to view the connection to humans.
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When complete with one view, rotate the human, click on another
anatomical structure in humans, explore the connection to other animals.
Repeat this click and rotate process until you have viewed all of the
highlighted structures and associated animal connections.
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Answer the following questions based on your explorations of the body:
The Eyes:
1. How do we know that Kramer cannot see the same way most humans
can?
2. Describe what the “clues” scientists found in our DNA suggest about
how humans might have evolved enhanced color vision.
The Legs:
1. Describe the anatomical features of Ardi’s upper and lower pelvis and
what they indicate about how Ardi may have moved.
2. Does Ardi’s foot structure support or refute the idea that Ardi was a
creature in transition? Explain your answer.
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The Ears:
1. What are three bones are found in the middle ears of all mammals,
including humans?
2. Explain why mammalian ears are more sensitive to sound than those of
reptiles.
The Hands:
1. Describe what features the modern human hand shares with the hand
of the 50 million year-old primate, Notharctus.
2. How did Darwin explain common patterns like these among
vertebrates?
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The Brain:
1. How many million years ago did the “first roots” of our modern human
brain arise?
2. Describe how our human brain is similar to the brains of other primates.
The Back:
1. What is another word for coccyx?
2. What is one of the easiest ways to distinguish an ape from a monkey?
The Teeth:
1. What is an advantage of chewing food over swallowing it whole?
2. Why are teeth so important to paleontologists?
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Part 2:
Go to Great Transitions Interactive: Exploring Transitional Fossils from
HHMI Biointeractive
Review the Introduction, and then Begin the Simulation
A Quick Guide will pop up first – make sure to read it so you know how to
navigate the page!
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Excavate each fossil in the rock layers. When all are excavated, click each
to view more details. Then, click on the underlined column headings for
more information on structures. Finally, answer the questions below.
Structural
Details
Excavate,
then click for details
1. Tetrapods first appeared in the fossil record how many million years
ago?
2. Of the fossils presented, which was the first to be discovered by
humans?
In what year?
3. What did Charles Darwin predict that tetrapods evolved from? What
observations led him to that hypothesis?
4. What is the purpose of gills in fish?
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5. Why did lungs develop in fish, leading to tetrapods?
6. What do we mean in biology when we use the term homology?
7. To what are fins homologous?
8. Explain the importance of a sturdy ribcage in tetrapods.
9. Why do many of the transitional fossils between fish and tetrapods
have flat heads?
10. Why is Tiktaalik such an important transitional fossil?
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11. What is the only surviving member of the lobe finned fish?
Part 1 Adapted from:
Click and Learn “Explore Your Inner Animals” (2016). HHMI Biointeractive
Teaching Materials.
Part 2 Adapted from:
Click and Learn “Great Transitions Interactive” (2017). HHMI
Biointeractive Teaching Materials.
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