Aspen University Week 7 Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone Powerpoint Create 30 minute power point presentation for oral presentation of attached capsto

Aspen University Week 7 Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone Powerpoint Create 30 minute power point presentation for oral presentation of attached capstone project. Running head: PANDEMIC READINESS CAPSTONE
Pandemic readiness in the acute health care setting
Mariann England
Aspen University
Nursing Capstone
Dr. Julie Kolde
July 26, 2020
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Chapter One
Background to the study
A pandemic is a global spread of a new ailment, one which traverses transnational
borders and eventually affects a large proportion of the population. A pandemic is an unforeseen
and unavoidable event, characterized by its indeterminate scope, length, and consequence.
Besides posing a high morbidity and mortality rate threat, pandemics can overwhelm medical
care structures and substantial societal and monetary disturbance (Bali et al., 2017). Pandemics
result from the surfacing of an antigenically new microbe for which there is no erstwhile body
resistance, usually with a reassortment of previously humanoid or animal microbial genomes.
Readiness to pandemics comprises planning and organization, monitoring and evaluating
circumstances, communication, continuity of medical care delivery, and curbing the disease’s
spread. Pandemics, and their resultant effects, may persist for months to years. Therefore, a
multi-disciplinary approach is imperative in the disease response strategies, particularly at the
state and sub-state levels.
The threat of a pandemic or contagious illness vastly spreading skulks inaudibly beneath
the surface of routine hospital operations and at the population in general. Instants of alarm
instigate waves of preparedness as novel microbes and transmutations pose evanescent threats.
Pandemic-preparedness needs to be founded on generic alacrity programs, resources,
mechanisms, and approaches for crisis and disaster management (Shearer et al., 2020).
Pandemic-preparedness is fundamental in ensuring that health and other indispensable structures
continue to function during a pandemic, thereby decreasing the pandemic’s economic and social
effects.
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The effects of a pandemic, whether mild or severe, may affect a large population hence
may require a response from multisector over several weeks, months, or years. Therefore, the
health care sector needs to have strategies to assist in dealing with such incidences. Also, it is
essential to have a clear plan for responding to a pandemic at the national and sub-national
levels. A clear pandemic plan should be put in place to aid the health professions in developing
response strategies in case it occurs. The pandemic plan, which is a written document, should be
subjected to continuous reviews and revision based on the changes with the global changes on
pandemic response guidelines.
In the occurrence of an epidemic or pandemic, the healthcare professions have a moral
obligation to take care of the community and the society against the adverse effects of the
pandemic. In this regard, they ought to be adequately prepared to protect their lives while taking
care of others. The nursing professions are particularly exposed to the pandemic effects as they
take care of the affected population. As such, they need to have a well-documented plan and
strategies that would be used to control the pandemic while safeguarding their health. This study
is significant in the assessment of the preparedness of the healthcare professions in dealing with
pandemics.
Purpose of the study
Pandemic preparedness in the healthcare sector is an essential area of study, especially
for the health care professions. This study plays a significant role in addressing the challenges
encountered in the case of inadequate pandemic preparedness. The study is designed to
investigate the pandemic preparedness in the acute care setting, focusing on personal protective
equipment conservation, availability, and efficiency of the testing sites. The purpose of the study
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also aims at determining the levels of pandemic preparedness in acute care settings, with an
emphasis on policy, planning and management efforts, and the ensuing modifications put in
place to counteract future pandemics (Goniewicz & Goniewicz, 2020).
This is important to the nursing profession as they will be able to identify the gaps that
exist in the disaster response measures. Analytical data collected are essential in developing a
pandemic response plan that will assist healthcare professionals in dealing with the gaps
identified. This study will help policymakers and ground-level clinicians point out the gaps and
insufficiency in the pandemic or crisis management protocols already in place. This study will
outline the need for nurses’ integral involvement in collaboration with other professional teams
towards pandemic preparedness.
Project significance and rationale
Pandemics are a significant challenge to policymakers, medical care professionals,
legislators, and public health leaders. Any form of readiness plan should incorporate local and
transnational harmonization to operate more proficiently with the limited means accessible.
Whenever a significant fraction of the population is disease-ridden, the overall figure of the acute
incidents can undoubtedly overwhelm the medical care systems available (Tsamakis et al.,
2020). Consequently, critical care delivery is faced with numerous challenges in terms of
preparedness and readiness, surge capacity, management systems, contagion control, and clinical
guidance.
This study will help policymakers and ground-level clinicians point out the gaps and
insufficiency in the pandemic or crisis management protocols already in place. This study will
outline the need for the integral involvement of nurses, in collaboration with other professional
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teams towards pandemic preparedness. This study will also shed more light on nurses’ expanding
role in the response and management of pandemics, which will significantly help advance
nursing science. With all this information, it will be possible for the healthcare profession to
provide adequate healthcare to the patients without putting their health at risk, given their role
and professional obligation (Goniewicz & Goniewicz, 2020).
Pandemic preparedness is vital for the nursing profession as it helps develop strategies
that are important in dealing with the pandemic. Health care providers have a professional
obligation to take care of the community at large. Nurses are required to provide direct care to
the patients and sometimes expose themselves to the pandemic, which may be life-threatening to
their personal life. It is crucial to be prepared more adequately when dealing with the effects of a
pandemic. This study is of great importance to the professions as they assess their preparedness
in dealing with any pandemic and how they can protect their health (Stephen, 2019).
Taking the current pandemic of Covid-19 as an example, the pandemic has affected a
significant number of the world’s population, including the healthcare profession. This is
particularly the case since the healthcare profession is in direct contact with their patients and,
therefore, more likely to contract the virus. With adequate measures to deal with this kind of a
pandemic, the healthcare professions will be protected against its effects as they take care of the
other patients. Studies indicate that any pandemic has significant implications in the healthcare
system and the most affected being the caregivers. This is because they must take care of the
community and place their health at risk. This study has a great significance to the health
profession in addressing the gaps in the healthcare profession and the mechanism used to bridge
the gaps that may be encountered.
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Analysis of literature
In the event of a pandemic, most of the population is exposed to the pandemic’s high rate,
which remains at 40-60 % of the affected population. However, the lack of the necessary
guidelines and standards in the fight against the pandemic can be the most critical failure in the
acute healthcare setting. Therefore, it is essential for the healthcare setting to be ready and well
prepared with measures and strategies to counter the effects of a pandemic. The world has
witnessed different incidences of pandemics that remain a significant health burden to many
different countries. One kind of pandemic is Influenza, which affects a large population of
different countries. Due to the growth of urbanization and global transportation, it is evident that
it is likely to spread rapidly across the world in the case of a pandemic.
Therefore, Pandemic readiness in the acute health care setting remains an essential factor
in the successful containment of these pandemics through proper planning. Preparedness is
essential in minimizing the pandemic’s growth and spread, reducing the cases and incidences of a
pandemic, preserving essential services, reducing hospitalization and deaths, and preventing the
incidences of economic crisis. The management has a significant role to play when it comes to
the fight against a pandemic. Research indicates that with poor planning, the effects of an
infectious pandemic can be vital. Currently, most acute health care settings have inadequate
accounting and interaction procedures, poor training on health care providers, poor programs on
disaster preparedness, and inadequate essential preventive equipment such as ventilators and
other essential health care equipment, including ventilators and hospital beds. Some of the plans
in place have not yet been tested for their effectiveness, limiting the fight against a pandemic.
Description of a pandemic Preparedness
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A pandemic is a global spread of a new ailment, one which traverses transnational
borders and eventually affects a large proportion of the population. A is an unforeseen and
unavoidable event, characterized by its indeterminate scope, length, and consequence. Besides
posing a high morbidity and mortality rate threat, pandemics can overwhelm medical care
structures and substantial societal and monetary disturbance (Bali et al., 2017). Pandemics result
from an antigenically new microbe’s surfacing for which there is no erstwhile body resistance,
usually with a reassortment of previously humanoid or animal microbial genomes. Readiness to
pandemics comprises planning and organization, monitoring and evaluating circumstances,
communication, continuity of medical care delivery, and curbing the disease’s spread.
Pandemics, and their resultant effects, may persist for months to years. Therefore, a
multi-disciplinary approach is imperative in the disease response strategies, particularly at the
state and sub-state levels. The threat of a pandemic or contagious illness vastly spreading skulks
inaudibly beneath the surface of routine hospital operations and at the population in general.
Instants of alarm instigate waves of preparedness as novel microbes and transmutations pose
evanescent threats. Pandemic-preparedness should be founded on generic alacrity programs,
resources, mechanisms, and approaches for crisis and disaster management (Shearer et al., 2020).
Pandemic-preparedness is fundamental in ensuring that health and other indispensable structures
continue to function during a pandemic, thereby decreasing the economic and social effects of
the pandemic
The objective of planning and organization efforts is to offer direction and harmonization
across all sectors involved in pandemics management. A collapse in disaster-response lags
national and local efforts towards the control of a pandemic. As yet, exertions to boost testing
has been directed on operational matters: adequacy of the testing capacity, the pervasive
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scarcities and supply-chain failures, and strategies to scale-up testing to the vast figures
necessitated to ease the pandemic (Madhav et al., 2017). Availing additional tests is not an
approach in and of itself. If sufficient tests were achieved, this question would still linger in our
minds: What resolves are the outcomes intended to inform? Testing has numerous rationales
other than diagnosis and ensuring safety for health care staff. Testing data is necessary for the
management of all the features of a pandemic. For example, this data is the keystone of
pandemic extrapolative models. That makes known the future demand for attention, the timing of
surges, and the scale of the necessary emergency amenities. Devoid of reliable testing data,
analysts depend on presumption and assumptions.
The protocols of education in a pandemic aim at shrinking the contact and transmission
rates of the infectious disease (Schneider, 2020). Educational strategies include encouraging
respiratory propriety, basic hygiene, suitable aeration, social distancing, and disseminating
appropriate and accurate health messages.
Personal protective equipment, such as masks, gloves, and isolation gowns, help reduce the risk
of exposure to an infectious pathogen for health care providers. The hastily flagging supply of
such equipment, paired with the supply chain’s challenges, has triggered a high alarm and could
significantly encumber the capability to ensure the safety to the care providers (WHO, 2020).
This calls conservative approaches such as reducing access into the isolation settings, reducing
the demand for personal protective equipment by temporarily doing away with elective surgical
procedures and other unnecessary encounters, and reusing the material, which encompasses
prolonging their use, decontamination with ultraviolet light and reusing some of the equipment
up to several times.
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Importance of pandemic preparedness
The impact of a pandemic in a nation or across the globe is severe and, therefore, needs
to be well prepared in case it occurs. Currently, most healthcare facilities are not well equipped,
so the acute pandemic’s impact is likely to strike hard. For instance, the current Covid-19
pandemic and the infrastructures used in the containment of the disease are the same
infrastructures used in addressing pandemic and seasonal Influenza over the decades. This is an
indication of the underfunding of the healthcare facilities that limit the ability to address
pandemics. Research indicates that acute healthcare settings are not prepared to address the
outbreak of pandemic or infectious diseases. There are outbreaks of acute pandemic almost every
year that claims thousands of life almost every year. Some of the acute pandemics have similar
symptoms and therefore making the containment and management process a challenge.
However, with proper management, the healthcare setting may have the required infrastructure
and machines to handle the pandemic.
It is essential for all the health sector stakeholders to combine efforts in the fight against
the pandemic that continues to affect the world every year. According to Goodman (2020), there
is the need to have combined efforts in both the public and private sectors as a global partnership
to succeed in fighting against the pandemic. Having preventive measures and being prepared will
ensure that the global GDP is not severely affected by the pandemic as it has been the case every
year. For instance, the current pandemic has severely affected the world’s economy, with the
effect standing at 2% as of April in the United States alone (Goodman, 2020). The private sector
can strengthen the health sector infrastructures as a vital part of fighting the pandemic. Also, the
fight against the pandemic requires the collaboration of all the sectors, communities, families,
and individual efforts to develop essential policies essential in fighting the pandemic.
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Development of pandemic preparedness policies and strategies is vital in the acute health
setting because it will help the health professionals have the required resources to fight the
pandemic. Therefore, the fight against the pandemic becomes active, and the country can save as
many lives as possible. Nurses are mostly exposed to the dangers as they take care of the
patients. Therefore, with effective preparedness in the fight against a pandemic, there are less
exposed to the dangers as they handle the patients. Therefore, it is crucial to have continuous
pandemic preparedness training for the health care providers and especially the nursing
profession, to successfully counter the pandemic’s effects. This ensures that the providers of
essential services are not affected. Provision of necessary equipment such as personal protective
equipment and other training on how to provide essential services in the acute healthcare setting
is essential as the professionals are better equipped with the needed knowledge and skills in the
fight against infectious pandemics (Carbell & Christian, 2011).
Studies recommend that preparedness acute healthcare settings against a pandemic is an integral
part of a successful fight against pandemic (Goodman, 2020). There is the need to have welldocumented policies in disaster preparedness at all levels of acute health care, which provides
room for effective containment of the pandemic. Combined efforts of all the stakeholders in the
acute health care setting play a vital role in the success of pandemic containment, which includes
measures to have all the essential procedures being up to date in pandemic preparedness.
Essential pandemic preparedness measures
Health care providers in the acute healthcare setting should be well prepared in the
containment of acute pandemics that strike the world every year. Most acute pandemics are
infectious diseases that spread from one person to another, and the rate of spreading is high.
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Given that it requires much time to understand the epidemiology of any infectious disease, it is
equally essential to have adequate procedures and strategies to contain it. This involves
international and national level planning to take care of the high number of patients expected to
flood in the hospital in case of a pandemic (Stephen, 2019).
Most healthcare facilities have the inadequate infrastructure required to contain a
pandemic with hospitals operating at near or in full capacity (Stephen, 2019). The infrastructures
currently used are the same used in decades, limiting the effectiveness in the fight against a
pandemic. There is a shortage of health care providers, while emergency preparedness is always
crowded. Many healthcare facilities lack enough hospital beds, while the emergency room is not
well equipped with required materials such as the ventilators, which are vital in pandemic
management. The healthcare workers are also at risk of being exposed to the pandemic as they
care for the patients due to the lack of enough personal protective equipment. Therefore, there is
the need to have all these issues being addressed to successfully contain the pandemic (Carbell &
Christian, 2011). The following are essential emergency preparedness requirements in a
successful fight against the pandemic.
•
Airborne isolation capabilities in acute health care
There is the need to have enough airborne isolation capabilities with all the required materials
and equipment to address the pandemic. This may include acute inpatient beds in national and
regional hospitals. The preparedness ensures that the hospitals are in a position to handle the high
cases of infected people effectively. With proper measures in isolation capacity, acute health care
can have an interim emergency plan that will address the needs in the event of an outbreak.
Therefore, the health care facilities will be able to house the patients safely in their isolation
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rooms. Necessary equipment required in the isolation room should be availed, such as ventilators
required for success in the fight against a pandemic.
•
Staffing
The successful control of a pandemic re…
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