New York University How Has Covid 19 Affected Norms and Values in US Paper Read the instructions below and write two essay4 pages for each onemake sure mee

New York University How Has Covid 19 Affected Norms and Values in US Paper Read the instructions below and write two essay4 pages for each onemake sure meet the instructions below Topic:
How has Covid-19 affected norms and values in the United States?
Assignment overview:
In order to complete this assignment, you need to begin writing a daily journal in relationship to current
events regarding the pandemic. These are exceedingly difficult times and our society has changed very
rapidly. Sociology was created in response to the rapid social change during the industrial revolution.
Prior to this period we lived on family farms and our values, norms, and roles were very clear. As we
began working in factories anomie or normlessness occurred.
Assignment requirements:
Keep a log of your observations regarding how values, norms and roles are changing as a consequence
of Covid-19.
Review modules 2, 3 and 4 for reference.
Construct a 3 to 5 paragraph response double spaced with a font of 12. Include personal
observations, lecture notes, and outside research. Your report should be clear, relevant to the topic and
at least 3 outside sources of information should be documented.
Submit a detailed report of your key findings.
Due date:
Your assignment is due on August 1, 2020.
Grading Criteria:
Report will be assessed regarding:
1. Clarity = 0 to 25 points possible
Excellent – The summary was very clear, concise, orderly and consistent.
Competent – The summary was mostly clear, concise, orderly and consistent.
Weak – The summary was vague, unclear and disorderly.
2. Relevant observations to the topic = 0 to 50 points possible
Excellent – The material was highly organized and directly related to the topic. The information greatly
added creative aspects to the report and provided new dimensions to the subject matter.
Competent -The material was mostly related to the report. Added some new aspects to the report in was
mostly relevant to the topic.
Weak – The material was disorganized and unrelated to the topic. Provided little or no new aspects to the
subject matter.
3. Documentation = 0 to 25 points
Excellent – Three or more outside references were provided.
Competent – Two outside references were provided.
Weak – Under two outside references were provided.
Review modules 2, 3 and 4 for reference.
Modules 2
Sociology as a Discipline-2
? Sociology is the scientific study of human behavior
–It looks at the structure of our social worlds
? Without individual action, social change would not happen
–So, individuals’ choices ARE important
? BUT, they are constrained by a set of factors….
THE SOCIOLOGICAL SIX
?
?
?
?
?
?
Biography
History
Social Interactions
Culture
Institutions
Conflict
Biography
? Your socially defined attributes
–Such as age, gender, race, social class….
? How might biography affect what we count as good music?
–Older people may be more likely to say no to….
–White people may be more likely to yes to…
? When we look back over time, we see that the popularity of music genres varies by
historical era
? Just as importantly, we tend to overlook women and racial minorities
–History itself has “blindspots”
? Why?
Institutions
? Any stable and enduring set of relationships that organize human life
? Music that fits within accepted genres are more likely to get played and heard.
Conflict
? Looks at the struggle over who gets what.
–Often depends on resources
? Material: money, labor, materials, etc.
? Ideological: the ability to convince people that you are right
? Record companies serve as “gatekeepers”
Sociological Imagination
Placing yourself at “the intersection of biography, history, and institutional structures”- C. Wright
Mills
–That is, the sociological imagination means you need to move beyond your personal trouble and
look at public issues.
? Personal Troubles and Public Issues
–Personal troubles: occur in your own lives and with the people you know
Public issues: transcend your immediate relationship
The Sociological Imagination: Livin’ in the City
? Getting an Apartment in New York City (Manhattan)
? Personal Trouble:
–It’s Expensive!!!
–You may have to cut costs (sell your car, go without cable, internet, maybe even [gasp!] lower
your cell phone plan)
–Or maybe get a second job
? Public Issue:
–Urban Overcrowding
–Public Transportation
–Affordable Housing
This Class: Taking the Red Pill
? Our perceptions of what is true and real are filtered through our experiences, cultural
backgrounds, and the historical period in which we live.
? What we know to be “true” today may not be true for everyone everywhere or could be
replaced by different truths tomorrow.
–For example:
Rotation of the earth around the sun
Module 3
What is Culture?
? The values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that together form a people’s way of
life
? Why is culture important?
? It shapes our behavior, attitudes, and personality
Values and Norms
? Norms: rules that define appropriate behavior
? 3 types of norms:
–Folkways: norms for routine or casual interaction
–Mores (mor-ays): norms that have moral significance
–Laws: formally defined norms that are enforced by public officials
How Do We Enforce Value Compliance?
? Through sanctions, or rewards and punishments used to enforce conformity
–Sanctions can be formal (e.g., jail time) or informal (e.g., “shunning”)
Cultural Diversity
?
?
?
?
High Culture: cultural patterns that distinguish society’s elite
Popular Culture: cultural patterns that are widespread
Subculture: cultural patterns that set apart some segment of society
Counterculture: cultural patterns among a segment of society that deliberately oppose
those of the larger society
Counterculture is a specific type of subculture
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
? How should we evaluate other culture’s dominant practices?
? Ethnocentrism: the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own
culture
? Cultural Relativism: the practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards
? The practice of exporting “our” cultural practices to other cultures is known as
cultural imperialism
Analyzing Culture
? Functionalist Perspective
? Functionalists see culture as a complex strategy for meeting society’s needs
? In particular, values play a central role in functionalists’ view of culture
Analyzing Culture (cont’d)
? Conflict Perspective
? See culture as benefiting some at the expense of others
? Specifically, cultural traits legitimate the positions of those in power.
? Interactionist Perspective:
? Culture exists in people’s interactions
? Look at how people create and reproduce meaning through interactions
Explaining Persistent Poverty
? Why do people born into poverty find it so difficult to escape?
–Two explanations
? One focuses on the values that poor people develop as a response to their conditions
(culture of poverty thesis)
? The other directs attention to the larger social and economic environment (structural
explanation)
Culture of Poverty Thesis
? A Cultural Argument (Oscar Lewis)
? Argues that poor people have developed a subculture in response to their
surroundings—a unique value structure to deals with the fact that they will likely never
become successful by mainstream standards.
? Importantly, the poor focus on instant gratification—for example, by buying something
nice now (shoes, car accessories, jewelry) rather than saving the money for later.
? This focus on instant gratification traps them in a vicious cycle of poverty
? As a theory, it implicitly blames poor people by faulting their (lack of) motivation
When Work Disappears
? Structural Argument (William Julius Wilson)
? Argues that poverty exists in urban neighborhoods because of the local economic and
social structure- not because of people’s values
?
?
?
?
?
Poor African American are still contending with the effects of racial discrimination
Inner cities lack well-paying jobs for low-skill labor.
Lack of affordable housing
Expensive health care costs
Important consequence: welfare assistance that is tied to employment is bound to
recreate poverty (because there are NO JOBS).
Cultural Change
? Exogenous Shock (“from the outside”)
–Something happens to a cultural environment that causes it to change
–Natural Disasters
? Cultural Exchange
–Cultures interact to create new shared understandings
–East meets West! Asian fusion!
? Cultural Logic’s
–Preferences (“naturally”) change in response to overarching principles.
Module 4 – Socialization
? Socialization: the lifelong social experience by which individuals learn culture and
develop a sense of self.
? Personality is the fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling.
Culture, Socialization, and Personality
? Nature vs. Nurture
–The case for nature
? Biological differences in the production of the hormones testosterone and estrogen
? These biological differences lead to differences in the development of personality
? Nature vs. Nurture (cont’d)
–The case for nurture
–Ultimately, evidence suggests that both nature and nurture are important factors for developing
personality
Agents of Socialization
¨Family
–Manifest Function: largely responsible for raising children, developing their self-esteem, and
teaching them how to be adults.
–Latent Function: families are also responsible for children’s social position in terms of race,
religion, ethnicity, and class
Agents of Socialization (cont’d) – schools
? Schools
–Manifest Function: to educate children and prepare them for the workforce
–Latent Functions (the hidden curriculum- the informal lessons that children learn):
? Socialize children into gender roles
? Administrators expose students to bureaucracy
Agents of Socialization (cont’d) – Peers
? Peer Groups
–Manifest Function: Learn to form relationships on your own
–Latent Function: learn class, gender, and racial roles
Agents of Socialization (cont’d) – Media
? Mass Media
–Manifest Function: means of communication designed to reach the general population
–Latent Functions:
? Exposure to advertising
? Exposure to prevailing stereotypes (the exaggerated description applied to all
items/people in a category)
Two Types of Socialization
? Re socialization
–radically changing a person’s personality by carefully controlling the environment
? Takes place in total institutions: a place where individuals.are cut off from wider
society, and lead an enclosed, formally administered life.
? Anticipatory Socialization
–the process of preparing oneself for learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors
? “rehearsing”
Assignment overview:
How have the Black Lives Matter protests affected norms and values in the United States?
In order to complete this assignment, you need to begin writing a daily journal in relationship to current
events regarding the, “Black Lives Matter Protests.” These are exceedingly difficult times and our society
has changed very rapidly. Sociology was created in response to the rapid social change during the
industrial revolution. Prior to this period we lived on family farms and our values, norms, and roles were
very clear. As we began working in factories anomie or normlessness occurred.
Assignment requirements:
Keep a log of your observations regarding how values, norms and roles are changing as a consequence
of the, ” Black Lives Matter Protests.”
Review modules 2, 3 and 4 for reference.
Construct a 3 to 5 paragraph response double spaced with a font of 12. Include personal
observations, lecture notes, and outside research. Your report should be clear, relevant to the
topic and at least 3 outside sources of information should be documented.
Submit a detailed report of your key findings.
Due date:
Your assignment is due August 1, 2020
Grading Criteria:
Report will be assessed regarding:
1. Clarity = 0 to 25 points possible
Excellent – The summary was very clear, concise, orderly and consistent.
Competent – The summary was mostly clear, concise, orderly and consistent.
Weak – The summary was vague, unclear and disorderly.
2. Relevant observations to the topic = 0 to 50 points possible
Excellent – The material was highly organized and directly related to the topic. The information greatly
added creative aspects to the report and provided new dimensions to the subject matter.
Competent -The material was mostly related to the report. Added some new aspects to the report in was
mostly relevant to the topic.
Weak – The material was disorganized and unrelated to the topic. Provided little or no new aspects to the
subject matter.
3. Documentation = 0 to 25 points
Excellent – Three or more outside references were provided.
Competent – Two outside references were provided.
Weak – Under two outside references were provided.
Review modules 2, 3 and 4 for reference.
Modules 2
Sociology as a Discipline-2
? Sociology is the scientific study of human behavior
–It looks at the structure of our social worlds
? Without individual action, social change would not happen
–So, individuals’ choices ARE important
? BUT, they are constrained by a set of factors….
THE SOCIOLOGICAL SIX
?
?
?
?
?
?
Biography
History
Social Interactions
Culture
Institutions
Conflict
Biography
? Your socially defined attributes
–Such as age, gender, race, social class….
? How might biography affect what we count as good music?
–Older people may be more likely to say no to….
–White people may be more likely to yes to…
? When we look back over time, we see that the popularity of music genres varies by
historical era
? Just as importantly, we tend to overlook women and racial minorities
–History itself has “blindspots”
? Why?
Institutions
? Any stable and enduring set of relationships that organize human life
? Music that fits within accepted genres are more likely to get played and heard.
Conflict
? Looks at the struggle over who gets what.
–Often depends on resources
? Material: money, labor, materials, etc.
? Ideological: the ability to convince people that you are right
? Record companies serve as “gatekeepers”
Sociological Imagination
Placing yourself at “the intersection of biography, history, and institutional structures”- C. Wright
Mills
–That is, the sociological imagination means you need to move beyond your personal trouble and
look at public issues.
? Personal Troubles and Public Issues
–Personal troubles: occur in your own lives and with the people you know
Public issues: transcend your immediate relationship
The Sociological Imagination: Livin’ in the City
? Getting an Apartment in New York City (Manhattan)
? Personal Trouble:
–It’s Expensive!!!
–You may have to cut costs (sell your car, go without cable, internet, maybe even [gasp!] lower
your cell phone plan)
–Or maybe get a second job
? Public Issue:
–Urban Overcrowding
–Public Transportation
–Affordable Housing
This Class: Taking the Red Pill
? Our perceptions of what is true and real are filtered through our experiences, cultural
backgrounds, and the historical period in which we live.
? What we know to be “true” today may not be true for everyone everywhere or could be
replaced by different truths tomorrow.
–For example:
Rotation of the earth around the sun
Module 3
What is Culture?
? The values, beliefs, behavior, and material objects that together form a people’s way of
life
? Why is culture important?
? It shapes our behavior, attitudes, and personality
Values and Norms
? Norms: rules that define appropriate behavior
? 3 types of norms:
–Folkways: norms for routine or casual interaction
–Mores (mor-ays): norms that have moral significance
–Laws: formally defined norms that are enforced by public officials
How Do We Enforce Value Compliance?
? Through sanctions, or rewards and punishments used to enforce conformity
–Sanctions can be formal (e.g., jail time) or informal (e.g., “shunning”)
Cultural Diversity
?
?
?
?
High Culture: cultural patterns that distinguish society’s elite
Popular Culture: cultural patterns that are widespread
Subculture: cultural patterns that set apart some segment of society
Counterculture: cultural patterns among a segment of society that deliberately oppose
those of the larger society
Counterculture is a specific type of subculture
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
? How should we evaluate other culture’s dominant practices?
? Ethnocentrism: the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own
culture
? Cultural Relativism: the practice of evaluating a culture by its own standards
? The practice of exporting “our” cultural practices to other cultures is known as
cultural imperialism
Analyzing Culture
? Functionalist Perspective
? Functionalists see culture as a complex strategy for meeting society’s needs
? In particular, values play a central role in functionalists’ view of culture
Analyzing Culture (cont’d)
? Conflict Perspective
? See culture as benefiting some at the expense of others
? Specifically, cultural traits legitimate the positions of those in power.
? Interactionist Perspective:
? Culture exists in people’s interactions
? Look at how people create and reproduce meaning through interactions
Explaining Persistent Poverty
? Why do people born into poverty find it so difficult to escape?
–Two explanations
? One focuses on the values that poor people develop as a response to their conditions
(culture of poverty thesis)
? The other directs attention to the larger social and economic environment (structural
explanation)
Culture of Poverty Thesis
? A Cultural Argument (Oscar Lewis)
? Argues that poor people have developed a subculture in response to their
surroundings—a unique value structure to deals with the fact that they will likely never
become successful by mainstream standards.
? Importantly, the poor focus on instant gratification—for example, by buying something
nice now (shoes, car accessories, jewelry) rather than saving the money for later.
? This focus on instant gratification traps them in a vicious cycle of poverty
? As a theory, it implicitly blames poor people by faulting their (lack of) motivation
When Work Disappears
? Structural Argument (William Julius Wilson)
? Argues that poverty exists in urban neighborhoods because of the local economic and
social structure- not because of people’s values
?
?
?
?
?
Poor African American are still contending with the effects of racial discrimination
Inner cities lack well-paying jobs for low-skill labor.
Lack of affordable housing
Expensive health care costs
Important consequence: welfare assistance that is tied to employment is bound to
recreate poverty (because there are NO JOBS).
Cultural Change
? Exogenous Shock (“from the outside”)
–Something happens to a cultural environment that causes it to change
–Natural Disasters
? Cultural Exchange
–Cultures interact to create new shared understandings
–East meets West! Asian fusion!
? Cultural Logic’s
–Preferences (“naturally”) change in response to overarching principles.
Module 4 – Socialization
? Socialization: the lifelong social experience by which individuals learn culture and
develop a sense of self.
? Personality is the fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling.
Culture, Socialization, and Personality
? Nature vs. Nurture
–The case for nature
? Biological differences in the production of the hormones testosterone and estrogen
? These biological differences lead to differences in the development of personality
? Nature vs. Nurture (cont’d)
–The case for nurture
–Ultimately, evidence suggests that both nature and nurtur…
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