METR 112 SJSU Average Climate Condition & Global Temperature Questions 2. The figure below shows how the mean (average) annual global temperature (for both land and ocean) has changed from 1880 to 2018. It shows temperature anomalies (how much difference to the average) relative to the 30-year average for 1951-1980. Positive annual global temperature anomalies indicate that year was warmer than the 1951-1980 average, while negative annual global temperature anomalies indicate that year was cooler than the 1951-1980 average. The original data (used to create the figure) can be accessed here:https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/graph_data/Global_Mean_Estimates_based_on_Land_and_Ocean_Data/graph.txt . Use the annual mean data (2nd column of table) to help answer the following questions.
a) When did the warmest year on record occur? What was the anomaly value?
b) When did the next three warmest years occur? Give their respective anomaly values as well.
c) When was the most recent year that the average annual global temperature was below the 1951-1980 average?
d) What is the temperature anomaly in the year when you were born? What is the difference between then and 2019?
Monthly measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentration at Mauna Loa began in March 1958. The annual average CO2 concentration was 315.97 ppm in 1959. It is 411.43ppm in 2019.
September Arctic sea ice extent (shown in the figure below) has been continuously measured since 1979.
Following plot is the satellite observed sea level rise in recent decades. Please find out the sea-level rise in year 2000, 2010, current (last data point), and year you were born.
Calculate the total increase in March concentration from 1959-2019 (61 years).
Calculate the average increase (in ppm) per year.
Calculate the increase of CO2 since you were born. What is the annual increase rate since you were born? How it compares with number in step (b)
# yearmeanunc
1959315.970.12
1960316.910.12
1961317.640.12
1962318.450.12
1963318.990.12
1964319.620.12
1965320.040.12
1966321.380.12
1967322.160.12
1968323.040.12
1969324.620.12
1970325.680.12
1971326.320.12
1972327.450.12
1973329.680.12
1974330.180.12
1975331.110.12
1976332.040.12
1977333.830.12
1978335.400.12
1979336.840.12
1980338.750.12
1981340.110.12
1982341.450.12
1983343.050.12
1984344.650.12
1985346.120.12
1986347.420.12
1987349.190.12
1988351.570.12
1989353.120.12
1990354.390.12
1991355.610.12
1992356.450.12
1993357.100.12
1994358.830.12
1995360.820.12
1996362.610.12
1997363.730.12
1998366.700.12
1999368.380.12
2000369.550.12
2001371.140.12
2002373.280.12
2003375.800.12
2004377.520.12
2005379.800.12
2006381.900.12
2007383.790.12
2008385.600.12
2009387.430.12
2010389.900.12
2011391.650.12
2012393.850.12
2013396.520.12
2014398.650.12
2015400.830.12
2016404.240.12
2017406.550.12
2018408.520.12
2019411.430.12
a) Which two years had the two highest sea ice extents? Provide the values of area as well.
b) Which two years had the two lowest sea ice extents? Provide the values of area as well.
c) In the year you were born, what is the sea ice extent? What is the difference between then and 2016? Metr 112: Activity 1
Submit electronically via Canvas (.doc, .docx, or .pdf file format).
Please show your work!
Email or see me in office hour (Zoom) if you have questions.
Each question is worth 2 points (10 points total for this activity).
1. Average climate condition in your hometown.
I grew up in northwest of China, a city called Lanzhou. It is an inland place (36N, 104E, 5000
feet high) with cold winter and mild summer,
Location
My hometown
(36N, 104E)
Your hometown
N22°32?43.86??
Very different? (Y/N)
Yes
E114°03?10.40?
Elevation
Near ocean
Warmest month
High temperature
5000 feet
No
July
85 (F)
Coldest month
Low temperature
January
14 (F)
Mostly rain
Annual precipitation
Jun-Sept
12 inches
Annual wind speed
7 mph
70-150m
Yes
Jul-Aug
38?
January
10?
Jun-Sep
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
76 inches
No
Yes
9.9 mph
No
2. The figure below shows how the mean (average) annual global temperature (for both land and
ocean) has changed from 1880 to 2018. It shows temperature anomalies (how much difference to
the average) relative to the 30-year average for 1951-1980. Positive annual global temperature
anomalies indicate that year was warmer than the 1951-1980 average, while negative annual global
temperature anomalies indicate that year was cooler than the 1951-1980 average. The original data
(used to create the figure) can be accessed
here:https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/graphs/graph_data/Global_Mean_Estimates_based_on_Land
_and_Ocean_Data/graph.txt . Use the annual mean data (2nd column of table) to help answer the
following questions.
1
a) When did the warmest year on record occur? What was the anomaly value?
b) When did the next three warmest years occur? Give their respective anomaly values as well.
c) When was the most recent year that the average annual global temperature was below the 19511980 average?
d) What is the temperature anomaly in the year when you were born? What is the difference
between then and 2019?
3. Monthly measurements of atmospheric CO2 concentration at Mauna Loa began in March 1958.
The annual average CO2 concentration was 315.97 ppm in 1959. It is 411.43ppm in 2019.
(a) Calculate the total increase in March concentration from 1959-2019 (61 years).
(b) Calculate the average increase (in ppm) per year.
(c) Calculate the increase of CO2 since you were born. What is the annual increase rate since
you were born? How it compares with number in step (b)
# year
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
mean
315.97
316.91
317.64
318.45
318.99
319.62
320.04
321.38
322.16
323.04
324.62
325.68
326.32
unc
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
2
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
327.45
329.68
330.18
331.11
332.04
333.83
335.40
336.84
338.75
340.11
341.45
343.05
344.65
346.12
347.42
349.19
351.57
353.12
354.39
355.61
356.45
357.10
358.83
360.82
362.61
363.73
366.70
368.38
369.55
371.14
373.28
375.80
377.52
379.80
381.90
383.79
385.60
387.43
389.90
391.65
393.85
396.52
398.65
400.83
404.24
406.55
408.52
411.43
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
3
4. September Arctic sea ice extent (shown in the figure below) has been continuously measured
since 1979.
a) Which two years had the two highest sea ice extents? Provide the values of area as well.
b) Which two years had the two lowest sea ice extents? Provide the values of area as well.
c) In the year you were born, what is the sea ice extent? What is the difference between then and
2016?
5. Following plot is the satellite observed sea level rise in recent decades. Please find out the sealevel rise in year 2000, 2010, current (last data point), and year you were born.
4
5
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