HIS170 Irvine Valley College History of Us to 1876 Quiz Answers Some questions require multiple answers. Q1. The Battle of Gettysburg marked a turning poin

HIS170 Irvine Valley College History of Us to 1876 Quiz Answers Some questions require multiple answers. Q1. The Battle of Gettysburg marked a turning point in the Civil War, because:
A. the Confederate army was attempting an invasion of the North for the first time in
1863, as they desperately needed supplies. The result was that the U.S. Army won the
battle, forcing the Confederates to stay on the defensive for the rest of the war.
B. the Confederates were raiding Gettysburg in order to get boots from a boot factory.
They quickly overwhelmed the U.S. troops stationed nearby, which allowed the
Confederate army to march quickly North, capturing much needed supplies throughout
Pennsylvania.
C. General Grant (US Army) occupied the town first and ended all chances for the
Confederates to use the rail-road there for a quick invasion of the North.
D. the Confederate Army unwisely destroyed a Harley-Davidson store near the town,
which caused an even stronger U.S. war effort against the South.
Q2. What are three causes of the Market Revolution in America, after 1812?
A. The advent of mechanized transportation, such as railroads and steamboats.
B. Increased industrialization in the North, including railroad manufacturing and textile
production.
C. New tunnel digging technology that allowed for mining under lakes and rivers for the
first time.
D. New forms of communication, such as the telegraph.
Q3. One of the biggest factors that made the idea of a war with Mexico somewhat
popular in the 1840’s, besides the hope of gaining control of the Southwest, was:
A. A rousing speech made by President Polk over the expansion of American power to
the West.
B. The American public largely did not care about the war, but luckily, new immigrants
from Europe were arriving that could be convinced to fight anyway.
C. Continued American anger over the deaths of American folk-heroes from the Texas
Revolution, such as Bowie and Crockett.
D. The Mexican invasion of Galviston led to immediate American condemnation and a
military alliance with Texas.
Q4.
In the 1790’s, four North African countries (called the Barbary States, or Barbary
Pirates) began attacking U.S. merchant ships that were sailing into the
Mediterranean Sea. The Barbary States demanded tens of thousands of dollars for
ransoming captured sailors, and also demanded an annual tribute for safe passage
of U.S. ships into the Mediterranean Sea.
The United States first responded to this threat by:
A. Forming an expensive navy to attack the Barbary States and patrol the
Mediterranean Sea.
B. Doing nothing, knowing that while the Barbary States might capture some American
ships, many more would safely complete their journey regardless.
C. Congress authorized the Merchant Marine, which put soldiers on US merchant ships.
It was hoped that these soldiers would be a deterrent to pirate attacks.
D. Immediately paying the ransom demands and agreeing to pay tribute to the Barbary
States.
Q5. Select the best answer to describe the Union strategy for the Civil War as
outlined by this image:
.
A. The U.S. would hire snake charmers to cause a rash of snake-attacks in Southern
marshes, which would disrupt Confederate troop movements.
B. This image has nothing to do with the Civil War and is really a political cartoon about
Herbert Hoover’s failed Great Depression relief plan.
C. The U.S. would use their navy to blockade all Southern Ports (to end Southern
attempts to resupply by sea) and would use their army to surround the Confederacy
from the West and North; slowly squeezing the Confederacy into submission.
D. The U.S. would quickly end the Civil War by assembling a giant mechanical snake to
attack key Confederate positions.
Q6. “….this declared indifference, but, as I must think, covert real zeal for the spread of
slavery, I cannot but hate. I hate it because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I
hate it because it deprives our republican example of its just influence in the world;
enables the enemies of free institutions, with plausibility, to taunt us as hypocritescauses the real friends of freedom to doubt our sincerity, and especially because it
forces so many really good men amongst ourselves into an open war with the very
fundamental principles of civil liberty; criticizing the Declaration of Independence, and
insisting that there is no right principle of action but self-interest.
I am not, nor ever have been, in favor of bringing about in any way the social and
political equality of the white and black races. I am not nor ever have been in favor of
making voters or jurors of negroes, nor of qualifying them to hold office, nor to
intermarry with white people … I as much as any other man am in favor of having the
superior position assigned to the white race. I say upon this occasion I do not perceive
that because the white man is to have the superior position the negro should be denied
everything. I do not understand that because I do not want a negro woman for a slave I
must necessarily want her for a wife. My understanding is that I can just let her alone.”
.Question: When running for office in 1859, Lincoln clearly stated that:
A. He would end slavery when he became president, and would fight for equality among
all races.
B. He believed in equality between whites and blacks, but did not want to allow
intermarriage.
C. He believed that slavery would eventually end on its own, so why worry?
D. While he detested slavery, he did not believe in equality between blacks and whites.
Q7. This multiple answer question relies on lecture regarding George Fitzhugh,
whose writings rationalized the institution of slavery in America.
Question: According to George Fitzhugh (author of Sociology for the South and
Cannibals All), some of the main arguments justifying slavery included:
A. Having black slaves means that there does not need to be any white slaves.
B. Africans are really too intelligent, which means that enslaving them protected white
society from unfair competition.
C. Africans are less intelligent than whites, so they would not be able to compete in the
American Market. This would be unfair, so it is better to keep them safely enslaved.
D. Africans are less likely to plan for the future, which justified enslaving them (for their
own good).
Q8. What are the ways in which the United States angered the French during the
1790’s?
A. U.S. Ambassador John Jay successfully negotiated a trade agreement with England
(France’s enemy) before any similar trade agreement was made with France.
B. U.S. Congress passed the Alien and Sedition Acts, which allowed them to kick out
the French Ambassador, Citizen Genet.
C. President Adams sent letters that ridiculed the French Revolution to friends in
England. These letters (which were sent by sea) were captured by the Barbary Pirates
from Tripoli, who immediately sent copies to France.
D. The United States declined to assist French Revolutionary Forces against a series of
European invasions, stating that the U.S. needed to be neutral, had no military to assist
France with, and that there was not currently valid treaty between the U.S. and the new
Revolutionary Government of France.
Q9. From the Civil War: In the Battle of New Orleans during the Civil War:
A. A fleet of U.S. warships commanded by Admiral Farragut steamed past the
Confederate fortifications, allowing troops to attack the city from the rear. The result was
that the Mississippi River was now open to a U.S. attack.
B. The U.S. submarine “Alligator” was used to attack the sea-ward facing defenses of
New Orleans with mines, causing a distraction. This allowed US troops to sneak by the
Confederate front lines in the confusion and to capture the city.
C. Admiral Dewy led the Pacific Fleet around Cuba and destroyed the Confederate
Navy at the Battle of Manila Bay. This kept the Confederate Fleet from being able to
defend New Orleans when the U.S. Navy arrived.
D. General Grant attempted to attack the city, but was rebuffed by the superior
defenses of the Confederates. This allowed the Civil War to go on for much longer than
if there had been a U.S. victory.
Q10. One of the biggest trials for Andrew Jackson while he was the President of
the United States was the Nullification Crisis, which involved South Carolina
refusing to obey new Federal tax laws on imports. Select the best answer below
that describes both how South Carolina protested the Federal taxes, and how
President Jackson responded:
A. South Carolina vowed to stop international trade, which would hurt America’s
economy. Jackson responded by canceling the Federal tax only for South Carolina.
B. South Carolina said that it would pay the taxes, but at a reduced rate. Jackson went
into a fit of rage and barred Federal education aid to South Carolina for two years.
C. South Carolina promised to obey the taxes only if Jackson promised to repay South
Carolina over a ten year period for any decrease in imported commerce. Jackson
agreed.
D. South Carolina threatened to secede from the United States if Jackson did not cancel
the import taxes. Jackson responded by threatening war if South Carolina did not
comply with Federal laws.
Q11. After 1815, a number of Spain’s colonies in America began to claim
independence from Spain. As these revolutions progressed, several European
powers planned to invade Latin America and claim old Spanish territory as their
own. What was the policy of the United States in regards to these events?
A. The United States had no opinion on this situation.
B. Vice President Quale announced a new American policy that forced Europeans to
sign a treaty of of mutual alliance with the United States before they could colonize Latin
America.
C. The United States immediately announced plans to begin conquering Latin America
before any Europeans could, in the name of “Manifest Destiny.”
D. President Monroe announced a ‘Doctrine,” in which the United States declared Latin
America as part of the “U.S. Sphere” of influence, and he also promised to defend Latin
America from any European invasion.
Q12. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:
Manifest Destiny, coined by John O’Sullivan, expressed the idea that America had
the “destiny” to expand across North America, carrying American culture from
coast to coast. This philosophy became the justification for:
A. The capture and the settlement of Montreal during the War of 1812.
B. The inspiration for many of Darth Vader’s “Destiny” lines in the popular Tennessee
frontier stories that would one day become the basis of the Star Wars series.
C. Forced removal of the Cherokee Indians (and other tribes) from Georgia & Alabama.
D. Debates in Congress over whether newly settled territories would allow slavery, such
as the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850 (because “American Culture”
to some citizens included slaves, and to others, it did not).
E. A war against Mexico for the South-West territories (Texas – California).
Q13. The following question is based upon the argument made by Stephen
Douglas when he was running against Lincoln for the office of the President in
1859. Answers to the question (asked at the bottom) can be found in the excerpt
below (we also discussed in class).
“I ask you, are you in favor of conferring upon the negro the rights and privileges of
citizenship? Do you desire to strike out of our State Constitution that clause which
keeps slaves and free negroes out of the State, and allow the free negroes to flow in
and cover your prairies with black settlements? Do you desire to turn this beautiful State
into a free negro colony, in order that when Missouri abolishes slavery she can send
one hundred thousand emancipated slaves into Illinois, to become citizens and voters,
on an equality with yourselves? If you desire negro citizenship, if you desire to allow
them to come into the State and settle with the white man, if you desire them to vote on
an equality with yourselves, and to make them eligible to office, to serve on juries, and
to adjudge your rights, then support Mr. Lincoln and the Black Republican party, who
are in favor of the citizenship of the negro. For one, I am opposed to negro citizenship in
any and every form. I believe this Government was made on the white basis. I believe it
was made by white men for the benefit of white men and their posterity forever, and I
am in favor of confining citizenship to white men, men of European birth and descent,
instead of conferring it upon negroes, Indians, and other inferior races.” Stephen
Douglas.
Question: (Select all that are correct): According to the speech given by Stephen
Douglas during the presidential race, some of the main reasons (according to him) that
Lincoln should NOT be elected to the presidency included:
A. Blacks learned faster than whites, which means that their being free to compete for
white jobs would be a major problem if Lincoln did free slaves.
B. Electing Lincoln would result in blacks gaining equality with whites, which Douglas
was strongly opposed to.
C. According to Douglas, citizenship should only be given to those of European
ancestry.
D. Lincoln could attempt to free the slaves, which would result in black settlements
covering the prairies.
Q14. From the Manifest Destiny Lecture:
In 1836, a Mexican army led by General Santa Anna marched into Texas, where he
came across a force of 200 Texas-Americans who were in the process of rebelling
against Mexican authority. After a battle at the now famous “Alamo,” all of the 200
Texas-Americans were killed. Until this event, the people of the United States
largely ignored the rebellion in Mexico.
Question: Why did this event cause a great deal of interest in the United States,
leading ultimately to popular American support for the Texas rebellion against
Mexico?
A. When Santa Ana and his Mexican army approached the Alamo, he was in violation of
the Monroe Doctrine, as he was descended from the Duke of Weselton (of a small
country in Europe). This violation of the sovereignty of the “U.S. Sphere of Influence”
caused an immediate Pro-Texan reaction in Congress.
B. The attack on the Alamo resulted in the death of several American celebrities, such
as Davy Crockett and James Bowie, which resulted in widespread American interest in
the Texas Revolution against Mexico.
C. While Americans showed little interest in the Texas Revolution before Santa Ana
attacked the Alamo, the news of the Mexican Army hunting down and killing women and
children caused a humanitarian reaction in the United States. This included a
condemnation of Mexico by President Andrew Jackson and military aid sent to the
Texas revolutionaries.
D. While Americans generally ignored the Texas Revolution before the Alamo event,
when the Mexican Army told a false story of the American Hero, Davy Crockett, running
away and screaming ‘like a little girl,’ Americans reacted by supporting the Revolution
with volunteers and money.
Q15. By 1797, the United States had been mocked by the French (XYZ Affair),
attacked repeatedly by the Barbary States, and bullied by the English. How did
the United States finally change its foreign policy as a result of these problems?
A. The United States raised the Foreign Commerce Tax upon imports and exports to
Europe. This tax allowed the U.S. to pay annual tributes to the French and to the
Barbary States until 1825, when new treaties were created that allowed for a more
equal relationship between the U.S. and Europe.
B. The United States authorized an Army and Navy for the first time since the
Revolutionary War. This resulted in six new warships, a Marine Corps and a small army,
which was able to defeat the Barbary States by 1805 and convinced the French to be
more respectful to avoid another war.
C. The United States simply withdrew from European politics and instead set up new
colonies in the Pacific (Hawaii & Puerto Rico) to trade with. By setting up a system of
independent mercantile trade like the English had done 200 years before, America was
able to become a new economic powerhouse within 50 years.
D. The United States created an alliance with Portugal, Prussia and Peru (The Alliance
of P’s). This trading and military alliance forced Europe (who also wanted to trade with
America, Peru and Prussia) to treat the U.S. with more dignity.
Q16. (The order of your answer selection counts): The _______________used at
the battle of Ft. McHenry by the British during the War of 1812 inspired
______________.
A. The Congreve Rocket / the National Anthem
B. Caltrops / the new drink called Jackson’s Caltrop
C. topographical map / the travels of Livingston
D. Bag-piping sailors / USS Constitution’s defeat of the HMS Java
Q17. When France overthrew its monarchy during the French Revolution, the
most of Europe declared war on France with the goal of restoring the French
Monarchy to power. The United States, which had been aided by the French
during America’s Revolution, was asked by France for military and monetary aid
against her invaders. The French Ambassador, known as “Citizen” Genet, was
told by President Washington that the United States could not help France in this
conflict.
What was the response by President Washington to Citizen Genet’s request for
the United States to honor the Treaty of Alliance between France and America to
give aid to the French?
A. President Washington, knowing that an alliance with France would greatly hurt the
U.S. economy by disallowing trade with all other European countries who were at war
against France, told Citizen Genet that the Treaty of Alliance was no longer valid. This
was because the Treaty was with the French King, who had been overthrown by French
Revolutionary forces.
B. President Washington told Citizen Genet that the United States was poor and had no
military, and therefore could not send aid directly to France. The United States did,
however, allow French warships to use U.S. ports for repairs.
C. President Washington told Citizen Genet that the United States would like to help
France, but it had no military. Therefore, the U.S. would only loan cotton and food to the
French war effort.
D. President Washington acknowledged that the United States should assist the French
and immediately declared war on most of Western Europe (except for France, of
course).
Q18. (From Slavery lecture): Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin:
A. was a book intended by Stowe to inform the public about the horrors of slavery, but
was only published in France.
B. was a fictional novel that told a story of an elderly slave who was sold off to a terrible
life at another plantation. The result of the heart-wrenching tale was that anti-slavery
sentiment in the Northern states increased dramatically.
C. was a biography written by an escaped slave, Tom Smith, who was nicknamed
“Uncle Tom” by his affectionate readers.
D. told a story of Uncle Tom, who led a slave rebellion in North Carolina. The result was
that the treatment of slaves in the South became much more stringent.
Q19.What was John Brown trying to accomplish in his attack on Harpers Ferry?
A. He hoped to show authorities that their security around a Federal Arsenal was too
lax, and needed to be strengthened.
B. He hoped to start a race war in the South by arming slaves.
C. He planned to hold Harpers Ferry for ransom.
D. John Brown was a lunatic who wanted to start a new cult.
Q20. In 1862, President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. The
immediate purpose of the proclamation was to:
The full transcription can be found here: https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featureddocuments/emancipation-proclamation
A. To warn the South that any of their territories that had not surrendered by January
1st, 1863 would lose their slaves if the U.S. won the war. The purpose of this act was
not to free slaves throughout the United States, but to try to convince the South to
surrender as opposed to risking the loss of their labor force.
B. Free all slaves in North America after January 1st, 1863. The purpose of this act was
to finally free slaves in both the Confederacy and…
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