American Military University E Business Technology Paper Prompt:In the context of an e-Business application, explain the technology classes of Aspect-Orien

American Military University E Business Technology Paper Prompt:In the context of an e-Business application, explain the technology classes of Aspect-Oriented, Advanced Platform, Internet & Web, and Function-Oriented. Use examples to illustrate.Instructions:Response should be minimum 3-4 pages (not counting the cover page and references page), supported with credible references and corresponding in-text citations, all in APA format. Beyond e-Business
Chapter 8:
Technology Aspect
Table of contents
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
Internet and web technology
Advanced platform technology
Aspect-oriented technology
Function-oriented technology
Technology in the Big Five
Mapping A to T and T to B elements
Case studies: POSH, TTU & TraXP
Conclusions
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 2
Technology Aspect
Introduction
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 3
Technology classes (1)
• Infrastructure technology provides basic
functionality for e-business applications
– Basic infrastructure: Internet and web technology
– Advanced platforms: ebXML, Web Services, multiagent systems
• Aspect-oriented technology provides support
for specific aspects of e-business
• Function-oriented technology provides
support for specific functions of e-business
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 4
Technology classes (2)
Functions
Specific
All
infrastructure
technology
functionoriented
technology
Specific
aspectoriented
technology
not covered
Aspects
All
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 5
Technology Aspect
Internet and Web
technology
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 6
Internet Protocol Suite
Internet Protocol Suite (1)
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Application Layer
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
Link Layer
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 7
Internet Protocol Suite (2)
Protocol suite layer
Function
Example protocols
Application layer
internet applications
POP, MIME, HTTP
Transport layer
internet transport
TCP
Internet layer
internet packet
switching
network operation
IPv4, IPv6
Link layer
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
ARP, Ethernet
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 8
URL structure
http://aaa.bbb.ccc/xxx/yyy/zzz
protocol
indicator
domain
address
document
address
http://is.ieis.tue.nl/staff/pgrefen
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 9
Ontology annotation in message sets
BES
A
FES
A1
m1 (O1)
FES
B1
FES
A2
m2 (O1)
FES
B2
FES
A3
m3 (O1)
FES
B3
FES
A4
FES
A5
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
BES
B
m4 (O2)
m5
(O2)
FES
I1
FES
I2
BES
I
FES
I3
m6
(O2)
FES
B4
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 10
Two brief remarks
• The internet and the web are not the same thing:
the web is a hypertext based information
structure using the internet as underlying
communication technology – one cannot ‘surf the
internet’.
• Protocols and languages (for internet or web) are
different things: protocols are used to specify
how communication takes place, languages to
specify what is communicated – protocols are
about transport, languages about content.
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 11
Technology Aspect
Advanced platform
technology
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 12
Advanced platform types (non-exhaustive)
• Advanced platform technology provides a
general-purpose infrastructure for e-business
• Specific e-business standardization platforms:
– ebXML
– Rosettanet
• General e-business technology platforms:
– Web Services technology
– Multi-agent technology
• Hybrid platforms, combining several platforms
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 13
ebXML
• The ebXML standard provides a high-level
technological framework for the
implementation of software that supports ebusiness processes over the Internet
• The framework standardizes business
documents and interactions, based on XML
• The ebXML development was initiated in 1999
by the standardization organization OASIS and
the United Nations/ECE agency CEFACT
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 14
ebXML overview
Business Process &
Information Model
1) Design &
Registry Process
Industry
Group
2) Implement &
Register
Profile
Trading
Partner
Profile
Registry
Trading
Partner
Profile
3) Reach
Agreement
Company
A
Trading
Partner
Agreement
Company
B
4) Conduct
Business
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Business
Documents
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 15
Web Services
• The Web Services framework specifies an Internetbased set of technology standards
• The basic concept is a Web Service: an encapsulated
piece of software functionality that can be invoked
through a well-defined Web interface
• The main idea: building complex functionality by
composing modular, distributed functionalities in a
loosely-coupled way using a ubiquitous
communication infrastructure
• Leads to Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) and
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 16
SOAP
XML
HTTP
languages
protocols
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
UDDI
software
specs
WS-Security
WSBA
WSDL
WS-Agreement
BPEL
WSCoord.
WSAT
Web Service standards
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 17
Service-oriented computing
• The web service framework is the main basis for
the service-oriented computing (SOC) paradigm.
• SOC has roots more in computing and software
engineering than in business frameworks.
• The SOC paradigm is not strictly coupled to the
web service technology (services can in principle
be implemented in more traditional software
technology), but the combination is often made
‘by default’.
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 18
Service-oriented architecture
• Using the SOC paradigm as a basis for the
architectural design of information systems, we
get service-oriented architecture (SOA).
• SOA applied to enterprise e-business applications
typically relies on two main technologies:
– managed service platform technology: provides a set
of basic mechanisms for the deployment and
management of software services;
– enterprise service bus (ESB) technology: implements
the functionality to easily make interconnections
between services.
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 19
Example hybrid platform: CrossWork
User Interface Technology
Business Process
Management
Technology
Workflow Management
Technology
Multi-Agent System
Technology
Service-Oriented
Computing Technology
Internet Technology
front end subsystem
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
back end subsystem
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 20
Technology Aspect
Aspect-oriented
technology
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 21
Important aspect-oriented technology classes
• Aspect-oriented technology provides
functionality across e-business functions
• Important classes are:
– data management technology
– process management technology
– human communication technology
– security technology
– performance technology
– mobility technology
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 22
Client/server database system architecture
Database
Client
Database
Client
Database
Client
Query Processor
Data Manager
Database
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Database Server
Transaction Manager
Database
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 23
WfMC reference architecture
Process
Definition Tools
IF1
WF API & Interch. Formats
Administration IF5
& Management
Tools
WF
Engine(s)
IF4
WF Enactment Service
IF2
Workflow Client
Applications
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
WF
Engine(s)
Other WF Enactment
Service(s)
IF3
Invoked
Applications
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 24
Symmetric encryption
cleartext
message
sender
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
encrypt
ciphertext
message
decrypt
cleartext
message
receiver
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 25
Asymmetric encryption (1)
cleartext
message
sender
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
encrypt
ciphertext
message
decrypt
cleartext
message
receiver
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 26
Asymmetric encryption (2)
cleartext
message
sender
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
encrypt
ciphertext
message
decrypt
cleartext
message
receiver
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 27
Technology Aspect
Function-oriented
technology
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 28
Important function-oriented technology classes
• Function-oriented technology supports one
specific e-business function
• Important classes are:
– electronic catalog technology
– electronic certificate technology
– electronic payment technology
– electronic contracting technology
– business intelligence technology
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 29
Parties in electronic certification
Certification
Authority
Electronic
Certificate
Registration
Authority
Electronic
Certificate
Certificate
Requester
Electronic
Certificate
Certificate
Owner
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 30
Certification authority hierarchy
Root
CA
CA
CA
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
CA
CA
CA
CA
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 31
iDeal payment process
start
select
items
retailer system
checkout
select
bank
stop
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
confirm
payment
rcv. paym.
confirm.
customer’s bank system
enter acc.
details
rcv. order
confirm.
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 32
Electronic contract structure
Who
What
How
Where
Core Contract
Electronic Signatures
Electronic Contract
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 33
Technology Aspect
Technology in the
Big Five
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 34
Technology in the Big Five
Function
Aspect
Infra
Technology
Class
Basic
Advanced
Data Man.
Process Man.
Human Comm.
Security
Performance
Mobility
Catalog
Certificate
Payment
Contracting
Bus. Intell.
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Social
Media
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Mobile Cloud
ComComputing puting
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Big
Data
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Internet of
Things
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 35
Technology Aspect
Mapping A to T and
T to B elements
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 36
Mapping A aspect elements to T aspect elements
Tech Bus
Arch Org
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 37
Mapping A aspect to T aspect elements
• Internet and Web technologies are ‘default’ → not
explicit in mappings between A and T aspects
• Advanced platform technologies typically underlie a
complete architecture → not explicitly visible in A,
but can influence the choice of A modules
• Aspect-oriented technologies are used in various
modules of an e-business system; may in some cases
be located in dedicated low-level A modules
• Function-oriented technologies can be related to
individual modules identified in the architecture in
the A aspect
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 38
Mapping T aspect elements to B aspect elements
Tech Bus
Arch Org
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 39
Mapping T aspect elements to B aspect elements
• It is not easy to speak in general terms about
relations from T aspect elements to B aspect
elements, as they can have very different natures
• Some examples of relations:
– Communication technology elements have an impact on
the reach element in the B aspect
– Multi-media technology has an impact on the richness
element in the B aspect
– Specific technology classes can directly foster development
of new business structures; for example: e-contracting
technology opens new doors towards the formation of
dynamic virtual enterprises
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 40
Technology Aspect
Case studies
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 41
Technology for POSH
• Basic Internet & Web technology as basic
infrastructure, studying RosettaNet
• Catalog technology very important,
considering moving to streaming video
• Traditional payment processes don’t require
special technology
• Considering the use of e-contracting
– Guarantees for large orders
– Flexible statement of QoS parameters
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 42
Technology for TTU
• Web Services technology as basic platform
• High availability requirements demand
functional take-over technology
• Obviously, human communication technology
is very important
– ‘Traditional’ voice and video
– Telepresence technology
• Investigating electronic certification of
translators and interpreters
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 43
Technology for TraXP
• Use the internet of things (IoT) as the internet
of travelers (IoT too): tracking and tracing
travelers real-time through their smartphones
• Use big data technology for business
intelligence:
– data mining to construct travel patterns → used
for constructing seamless travel experience
– OLAP technology to analyze trends in travel
market → used for tactically adapting business
model
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 44
Technology Aspect
Conclusions
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 45
Technology classes in perspective
Beyond e-Business © 2015 Paul Grefen
Advanced Platform
Technology
Internet & Web
Technology
Function-Oriented
Technology
Aspect-Oriented
Technology
E-Business Application
Chapter 8: Technology Aspect – 46

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