CPP Fundamentals of Qualitative Research Administration Theory & Behavior Essay Please follow part 3 requirement write 3 full page paper, need read require

CPP Fundamentals of Qualitative Research Administration Theory & Behavior Essay Please follow part 3 requirement write 3 full page paper, need read requirement very very carefully!!!! PPT is about how to write Research Question & Methodology. Due US pacific time, 4/30 FUNDAMENTALS OF
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
PUB 527
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
CLASS SURVEY
https://forms.gle/kgWVo8Hh9G4cxR6TA
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Hope to Get out of Research
Methods
Source: CJA 339 Intro Survey conducted on August 26, 2019 in class.
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Concerns about Research Methods Class
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Science
1) A set of logical, systematic, documented
methods for investigating Nature and
natural processes.
2) The knowledge produced by
these processes.
Image Sources: Brian Green, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ash_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_590710.jpg
AllyUnion, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Science-symbol-2.svg
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Social Science
1) The use of scientific methods to
investigate individuals, societies, and
social processes.
2) The knowledge produced by
these investigations.
Image Source: Ingo Joseph, https://www.pexels.com/photo/people-crowd-walking-9816/
Futurebird, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crowd_in_street.jpg
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Why Science often works better than other ways
of knowing.
■ Overgeneralization
■ Selective Observation
■ Illogical Reasoning
■ Resistance to Change
Image Source: Free Icon Library, https://icon-library.net/icon/freedom-of-speech-icon-16.html
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Goals of Science
1) Theory
2) Understanding
3) Knowledge/explanation
4) Prediction
5) Control
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Science is …
■ Empirical
■ Rational/logical/
systematic
■ Falsifiable
■ Skeptical
■ Parsimonious
■ Probabilistic
■ Public
■ Self-correcting
■ Value Free
Image Source: Understanding Science, https://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/whatisscience_04
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Types of Research
1. Descriptive Research
2. Exploratory Research
3. Explanatory Research
4. Evaluation Research
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
The Research Wheel as a
Roadmap to Research
Methods
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Source: Bachman, R. & Schutt, R. (2014). The Practice of Research in Criminology and Criminal
Justice. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publishing.
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Theory Testing
Theory
Induction
Empirical
Generaliz-ation
Deduction
The
Scientific
Method
Data
Analysis
Theory Building
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Hypothesis
Research
Design
Data Collection
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Deductive – Theory Testing Steps
1) Theory
2) Conceptualization
3) Hypothesis Formation
4) Research Design
5) Data Collection
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Theory
An attempt to classify and organize events, to explain
■ causes of events to predict the direction of future
the
events, and to understand why and how these
events occur (Turner).
■ Patterns
■ Framework
■ Interpret larger meaning
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Conceptualization/Problem Formation
■ What is it that you want to study?
■ What do you want to know about this topic?
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Building Blocks
■ Concept
■ Operationalization
■ Variable
■ Hypothesis
■ Unit of Analysis
Image Source: Kenji Yamomoto, https://www.flickr.com/photos/kenjiys/3173014217
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Research Design
■ Definition of the problem
■ Plan
■ Set of decisions
Image Source: Mehedi Hassan, https://www.thurrott.com/google/207499/google-maps-expands-the-ability-to-see-speed-cameras
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Data Collection
■ Empirical Observations
–
Qualitative Methods Include
■ Semi-Structured Interviews
■ Focus Groups
■ Ethnographic Research
■ Program Evaluation
■ Action Research
■ Content Analysis
■ Unobtrusive Measures
■ Historical Research
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Inductive – Theory Building Steps
1) Data Collection
2) Data Analysis
3) Empirical Generalization
4) Induction
5) Theory
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
What to do with the data?
■ Data Analysis
■ Empirical Generalization
■ Induction
■ Theory
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
How is science relevant to Criminal Justice and
Criminology?
■ Theory
■ Practice
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Scientific Revolutions
■ Paradigm
■ Paradigm Shifts
Pub 527 – Spring 2020
Sarah Britto, Ph.D.
Independent Project
Choose any option to fulfill the requirements for your Original Research Paper – the options
are designed so that you will be able to make a choice that best fits your strengths and the
limitations that you may be facing given the current COVID-19 pandemic. All of the options end
with an approximately 7 – 10 page paper. Option 1 is an individual project – the one I had
originally designed for the entire class.
PART 3
Data Analysis & Findings
For this assignment you will analyze the data that you collected and present your findings. The
findings section will discuss the major themes and sub-themes that emerged during your data
analysis. You will present the results of the data analysis (i.e. quotes) and describe how these
findings contribute to the understanding of the research topic you selected.
1
Running head: ADMINISTRATION THEORY AND BEHAVIOR
Name: HUIQI GUAN
Date:2020/04/13
2
ADMINISTRATION THEORY AND BEHAVIOR
Research Question & Methodology
Research question: What is the impact of motivation on employee performance in the public
education sector?
Study population:
The public sector comprises of agencies and organizations run by governments tasked with
meeting specified needs of the citizens. The public sector in the US is divided into three tiers,
which corresponds to the level of governments running the area: federal, state and local
government. The public sector under the state and local governments is responsible for provision
and coordination of the departments of education, housing and welfare, public safety,
transportation and environmental services. Federal public sector employees may be involved in
the provision of services afore-mentioned, in addition to international relations, defence and
communication services. Therefore the public sector offers vast employment opportunities which
a filled in by approximately 22.65 million employees by November 2019, according to the
Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis (2020). All of the employees working in the education
departments are eligible to voluntarily participate in the study, except for employees in
administrative positions.
Sampling strategy:
The study population is immense, and so sampling is essential to provide a sample of fewer
respondents from which inferences will be drawn for the study. A random sampling technique
will be employed to ensure that all eligible respondents have equal probabilities in being selected
for the study. The two-stage cluster random sampling technique will be used, dividing the
respondents into equally-numbered groups. From each group, a subsample will be selected by
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ADMINISTRATION THEORY AND BEHAVIOR
simple random to obtain the final sample that will participate in the study. The cluster sampling
technique will be employed to save on the travel and administrative costs and to improve the
feasibility of the study with a large study population.
Qualitative method:
A semi-structured interview method would be applied to collect data from the respondents
through an online platform. The interview guide used will comprise a series of open-ended
questions, which is flexible to allow the respondent to offer detailed responses, expressing their
thoughts, beliefs and feelings as about the research topic. This method provides the advantages
of collecting more in-depth information from the respondents, including enabling the researcher
to explore the reasons behind the answer offered by the respondents. Moreover, respondents are
accorded time to open up on sensitive issues. Motivation and factors affecting employee
motivation are intricate and very personal, and so the method enables the researcher to delve into
these details affecting each of the respondents. It also offers some control to the researcher, to
guide the interview by allowing the researcher to prepare questions in advance to keep the
respondents on topic. The data collected should only pertain to matters affecting employee
motivation and productivity.
Ethical issues:
The research question is a particularly sensitive topic, for which anonymity and confidentiality of
the data are of utmost importance. However, the interviews and other research processes, such as
data storage and analysis, are conducted on online platforms which could be vulnerable to
unauthorized access and utilization. The confidentiality and privacy of the respondents will be
upheld, with the files on the study will be stored in an authorized-only information database, for
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ADMINISTRATION THEORY AND BEHAVIOR
which password security will be necessary to allow access. When dissemination and sharing of
the information are authorized, the transmitted file formats will be encrypted with the users
supplied with decryption keys to open.
The researcher is also unable to secure the physical environment and the privacy of the
conversation in online interviews. The respondent may be affected by intrusions and
interruptions by other people within their surroundings, or even colleagues who could lead to
non-verbal cues that could be misinterpreted by the researcher. The reliability of the data could
be influenced by persons within the surroundings of the interviewee. The interviews will thence
be conducted with participants using ear-or headphones. An assessment of the surroundings
during the interview will be documented by the interviewer, to enable the reliable interpretation
of cues.
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ADMINISTRATION THEORY AND BEHAVIOR
References
Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis (2020). All Employees, Governent. Retrieved on April 11th,
2020 from https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/USGOVT
Running Head: Administration Theory and Behaviour
PART2
HUIQI GUAN
2020/4/25
1
Administration Theory and Behaviour
2
Data Collection Process
The research is qualitative; therefore, the data collection techniques that will be used will involve
questionnaires that will be issued to the respondents. Initially, conducting personal interviews with
the selected respondents would have been the ideal technique to use since it provides more accurate
responses. The researcher would h have also ensured that all the respondents answer the questions
as required to avoid bias and ambiguity in the responses. However, owing to the COVID 19
pandemic, it will be impossible to conduct interviews with the respondents due to the health issues
and travel restrictions.
Therefore, in collecting the required data, the researcher will use surveys that will be shared
with the respondents via emails. The survey will involve all the necessary questions required for
the research (Sutton & Austin, 2015). Using the online responses, the researcher will be able to
secure the required data promptly. There is a need to ensure that all the respondents receive the
questionnaires and provide the responses on time (Sutton & Austin, 2015).
On receiving the required responses, the researcher will review all the answers given by
the respondents. Those responses that fail to meet the required standards will be eliminated for use
in the research. The questionnaires will be analyzed to extract the required data. The researcher
will use tools such as SPSS and Excel to analyze the collected data (Sutton & Austin, 2015). The
responses will be categorized depending on the similar issues identified by the researcher. Since
the research involved open-ended questions, the researcher will analyze all the responses and
classify them based on similarities. The data gathered will mostly focus on the research questions
by evaluating factors that impact the motivation of employees in the public sector in the United
States. The data will later be interpreted and summarized by the use of charts, graphs, and other
data representation techniques.
Administration Theory and Behaviour
3
Reference
Sutton, J., & Austin, Z. (2015). Qualitative Research: Data Collection, Analysis, and
Management. The
Canadian
10.4212/cjhp.v68i3.1456
Journal
of
Hospital
Pharmacy, 68(3).
Doi:

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